saltstack配置管理
实验环境
主机 | 服务 | IP |
---|---|---|
master | salt-master,salt-minion | 192.168.200.142 |
node1 | salt-minion | 192.168.200.147 |
node2 | salt-minion | 192.168.200.145 |
1. YAML语言
YAML
是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式,是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读,容易和脚本语言交互,用来表达资料序列的编程语言。
它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言,语法比XML简单很多。
YAML
语言的格式如下:
house:
family:
name: Doe
parents:
- John
- Jane
children:
- Paul
- Mark
- Simone
address:
number: 34
street: Main Street
city: Nowheretown
zipcode: 12345
YAML的基本规则:
- 使用缩进来表示层级关系,每层2个空格,禁止使用TAB键
- 当冒号不是处于最后时,冒号后面必须有一个空格
- 用 - 表示列表,- 的后面必须有一个空格
- 用 # 表示注释
YAML
配置文件要放到SaltStack
让我们放的位置,可以在SaltStack
的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots
即可看到。
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
...此处省略N行
file_roots:
base:
- /srv/salt/base
test:
- /srv/salt/test
dev:
- /srv/salt/dev
prod:
- /srv/salt/prod
...此处省略N行
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test
4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
//base 基础环境
//test 测试环境
//dev 开发环境
//prod 生产环境
需要注意:
- base是默认的位置,如果file_roots只有一个,则base是必备的且必须叫base,不能改名
2. saltstack高级状态的使用,top file的使用
//写一个nginx实例
[root@master salt]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/nginx
[root@master base]# ls
web
[root@master base]# vim web/nginx/install.sls
[root@master base]# cat web/nginx/install.sls
nginx-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: nginx
nginx-service:
service.running:
- name: nginx
- enable: true
// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID,必须全局唯一,不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读,所以要把先执行的写在前面
[root@master base]# salt '192.168.200.147' state.sls web.nginx.install
192.168.200.147:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: The following packages were installed/updated: nginx
Started: 01:23:41.342882
Duration: 84913.424 ms
Changes:
----------
dejavu-fonts-common:
----------
new:
2.35-7.el8
old:
dejavu-sans-fonts:
----------
new:
2.35-7.el8
old:
fontconfig:
----------
new:
2.13.1-3.el8
old:
fontpackages-filesystem:
----------
new:
1.44-22.el8
old:
gd:
----------
new:
2.2.5-7.el8
old:
jbigkit-libs:
----------
new:
2.1-14.el8
old:
libX11:
----------
new:
1.6.8-4.el8
old:
libX11-common:
----------
new:
1.6.8-4.el8
old:
libXau:
----------
new:
1.0.9-3.el8
old:
libXpm:
----------
new:
3.5.12-8.el8
old:
libjpeg-turbo:
----------
new:
1.5.3-10.el8
old:
libtiff:
----------
new:
4.0.9-18.el8
old:
libwebp:
----------
new:
1.0.0-3.el8_4
old:
libxcb:
----------
new:
1.13.1-1.el8
old:
nginx:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
nginx-all-modules:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
nginx-filesystem:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
nginx-mod-http-image-filter:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
nginx-mod-http-perl:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
nginx-mod-mail:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
nginx-mod-stream:
----------
new:
1:1.14.1-9.module_el8.0.0+184+e34fea82
old:
----------
ID: nginx-service
Function: service.running
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: Service nginx has been enabled, and is running
Started: 01:25:06.271806
Duration: 264.896 ms
Changes:
----------
nginx:
True
Summary for 192.168.200.147
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=2)
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 85.178 s
top file
直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗?答案是否定的,因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务,自动化应该是我们让它干活时,它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活,但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的,为了解决这个问题,top file 应运而生。
top file就是一个入口,top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出,且此文件必须在 base 环境中,默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。
top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活,比如让web服务器启动web服务,让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。
//实例
[root@master base]# cat database/mariadb/install.sls
mariadb-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: mariadb-server
mariadb-service:
service.running:
- name: mariadb
- enable: true
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base:
'192.168.200.147':
- web.nginx.install
'192.168.200.145':
- database.mariadb.install
使用高级状态来执行
[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令
master:
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details. //在top file里没找到它要干啥
Changes:
Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
192.168.200.146:
----------
ID: states
Function: no.None
Result: False
Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details. //在top file里没找到它要干啥
Changes:
Summary for 192.168.200.146
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed: 1
------------
Total states run: 1
Total run time: 0.000 ms
192.168.200.145:
----------
ID: mariadb-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: mariadb-server
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 13:56:25.838070
Duration: 671.139 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: mariadb-service
Function: service.running
Name: mariadb
Result: True
Comment: The service mariadb is already running
Started: 13:56:26.511145
Duration: 45.858 ms
Changes:
Summary for 192.168.200.145
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 716.997 ms
192.168.200.147:
----------
ID: nginx-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 01:56:26.875068
Duration: 671.62 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: nginx-service
Function: service.running
Name: nginx
Result: True
Comment: The service nginx is already running
Started: 01:56:27.548612
Duration: 43.163 ms
Changes:
Summary for 192.168.200.147
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Total run time: 714.783 ms
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code
//若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的,要注意的是,top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标,而 salt '*' state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活,而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的
//上面让所有人执行高级状态,但实际工作当中,一般不会这么用,工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态,具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。
若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True,则它会告诉我们它将会做什么,但是它不会真的去执行这个操作
//在node1,2 上查看
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; >
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 01:48:57 >
Main PID: 369568 (nginx)
Tasks: 5 (limit: 11300)
Memory: 8.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─369568 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
├─369569 nginx: worker process
├─369570 nginx: worker process
├─369571 nginx: worker process
└─369572 nginx: worker process
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.3 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service>
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-11-02 13:50:15 >
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
Main PID: 20228 (mysqld)
Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
Tasks: 30 (limit: 23789)
Memory: 87.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
└─20228 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr