区别:
1.可以有返回值
2.可以抛出异常
3.方法不同,run()/call()
public class TestCallable {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//new Thread(new Runnable()).start();
//new Thread(new FutureTask<V>()).start();
//new Thread(new FutureTask<V>(Callable)).start();
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
FutureTask task = new FutureTask(thread);//适配类
new Thread(task,"A").start();
new Thread(task,"B").start();//结果会被缓存,效率高 所以只输出一次call方法
//这个get方法可能会产生阻塞!把他放到最后;或者用异步通信来处理
Integer o =(Integer) task.get();
System.out.println(o);
}
}
class MyThread implements Callable<Integer> {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("call方法");
return 1024;
}
}
·常用辅助类
1.countDownLatch
(1)countdown 数量减一
(2)await 等待计数器归零,然后再执行以下操作
每次有线程调用countDown()方法,数量减一,直到计数器为0;countDownLatch被唤醒,继续执行。
public class TestCountDownLatchDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//总数是7 ,必须要执行完任务的时候再继续往下走
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(7);
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" Go out!!!");
countDownLatch.countDown();//数量-1
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
countDownLatch.await();//等待计数器归0,然后再向下执行
System.out.println("close door");
}
}
2.CyclicBarrier(加法计数器)
public class TestCyclicBarrierDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(7,()->{
System.out.println("集齐成功,召唤神龙");
});
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
final int temp = i;//定义一个临时变量,lambda里面可以访问
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"收集"+temp+"龙珠");
try {
cyclicBarrier.await();//等待
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
},String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
}
3.Semaphore(信号量)
原理:
(1).semaphore.acquire()://获得,假如已经满了,等待,等到释放为止
(2).semaphore.release()://释放,会将当前的信号量释放+1,然后召唤等待的线程
作用:多个共享资源互斥的使用!并发限流,控制最大的线程数
public class TestSemaphore {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(2);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
try {
semaphore.acquire();//获得
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到了车位");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"离开了车位");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
semaphore.release();//释放
}
}).start();
}
}
}