SaltStack之salt-ssh

1. salt-ssh介绍

salt-ssh可以让我们不需要在受控机上安装salt-minion客户端也能够实现管理操作。

1.1 salt-ssh的特点

• 远程系统需要Python支持，除非使用-r选项发送原始ssh命令
• salt-ssh是一个软件包，需安装之后才能使用，命令本身也是salt-ssh
• salt-ssh不会取代标准的Salt通信系统，它只是提供了一个基于SSH的替代方案，不需要ZeroMQ和agent

请注意，由于所有与Salt SSH的通信都是通过SSH执行的，因此它比使用ZeroMQ的标准Salt慢得多

1.2 salt-ssh远程管理的方式

salt-ssh有两种方式实现远程管理，一种是在配置文件中记录所有客户端的信息，诸如 IP 地址、端口号、用户名、密码以及是否支持sudo等；另一种是使用密钥实现远程管理，不需要输入密码。

2. salt-ssh管理

在 master 上安装 salt-ssh

[root@master ~]#  yum -y install salt-ssh

2.1 通过使用用户名密码的SSH实现远程管理

修改配置文件，添加受控机信息

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
....此处省略N行
node4:
  host: 192.168.25.131
  user: root
  passwd: 1

使用ssh远程连接创建密钥

[root@master ~]# ssh root@192.168.25.131
The authenticity of host '192.168.25.131 (192.168.25.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:V7GG/lAn7yHEwLCx/FHBsmOIRCQv4wLTtulR049adHQ.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.25.131' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.25.131's password: 
Last login: Mon Nov 29 05:04:32 2021 from 192.168.25.146
[root@node4 ~]# 
[root@node4 ~]# 
[root@node4 ~]# exit
注销

测试连通性

[root@master ~]# salt-ssh 'node4' test.ping
node4:
    True

如果第一次访问时需要输入 yes/no ，但是 saltstack 是不支持交互式操作的，所以为了解决这个问题，我们需要对其进行设置，让系统不进行主机验证。

[root@master ~]# vim ~/.ssh/config
StrictHostKeyChecking no

[root@master ~]# salt-ssh 'node4' test.ping
node4:
    True

安装python3

[root@master ~]# salt-ssh -r 'node1' 'yum -y install python3'

2.2 通过salt-ssh初始化系统安装salt-minion

安装 salt-ssh

[root@master ~]#  yum -y install salt-ssh

修改roster配置文件，添加受控主机

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
....此处省略N行
node4:
  host: 192.168.25.131
  user: root
  passwd: 1

测试连通性

[root@master ~]# salt-ssh 'node4' test.ping
node4:
    True

执行状态命令，初始化系统，安装salt-minion

[root@master yum]# cat main.sls 
{% if grains['os'] == 'RedHat' %}
/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-{{ grains['osrelease'] }}.repo:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/yum/files/centos-{{ grains['osrelease'] }}.repo
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: '0644'
{% endif %}

/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/yum/files/epel.repo
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: '0644'

/etc/yum.repos.d/salt-{{ grains['osrelease'] }}.repo:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/yum/files/salt-{{ grains['osrelease'] }}.repo
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: '0644'


[root@master salt-minion]# vim main.sls 

include:
  - init.yum.main

salt-minion:
  pkg.installed

/etc/salt/minion:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/salt-minion/files/minion.j2
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: '0644'
    - template: jinja

salt-minion.service:
  service.running:
    - enable: true

[root@master ~]# salt-ssh 'node4' state.sls init.salt-minion.main
node4:
----------
          ID: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
    Function: file.managed
      Result: True
     Comment: File /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo is in the correct state
     Started: 05:30:48.085141
    Duration: 83.344 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: /etc/yum.repos.d/salt-8.repo
    Function: file.managed
      Result: True
     Comment: File /etc/yum.repos.d/salt-8.repo is in the correct state
     Started: 05:30:48.168613
    Duration: 4.087 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: salt-minion
    Function: pkg.installed
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 05:30:50.146835
    Duration: 841.953 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: /etc/salt/minion
    Function: file.managed
      Result: True
     Comment: File /etc/salt/minion updated
     Started: 05:30:50.988957
    Duration: 48.79 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              mode:
                  0644
----------
          ID: salt-minion.service
    Function: service.running
      Result: True
     Comment: The service salt-minion.service is already running
     Started: 05:30:51.042335
    Duration: 41.81 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for node4
------------
Succeeded: 5 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     5
Total run time:   1.020 s

//在minion端查看状态
[root@node4 ~]# systemctl status salt-minion
● salt-minion.service - The Salt Minion
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/salt-minion.service; enabled; vend>
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-11-29 04:49:25 EST; 42min ago
     Docs: man:salt-minion(1)
           file:///usr/share/doc/salt/html/contents.html
           https://docs.saltproject.io/en/latest/contents.html
 Main PID: 921 (salt-minion)
    Tasks: 6 (limit: 11201)
   Memory: 114.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/salt-minion.service
           ├─ 921 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           ├─1203 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion
           └─1271 /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/salt-minion

11月 29 04:49:23 node4 systemd[1]: Starting The Salt Minion...
11月 29 04:49:25 node4 systemd[1]: Started The Salt Minion.
11月 29 04:50:57 node4 salt-minion[921]: [ERROR   ] Error while bringing up m>
11月 29 04:51:17 node4 salt-minion[921]: [ERROR   ] Minion unable to successf>
lines 1-18/19 88%

在master上接受指定minion的新证书

[root@master ~]# salt-key -L
Accepted Keys:
minion
node1
node2
node3
node4
Denied Keys:
Unaccepted Keys:
master
Rejected Keys:

使用salt命令测试连通性

[root@master ~]# salt 'node4' test.ping
node4:
    True