NFS(网络文件系统）在RHEL8.6中的简单配置（实操）

NFS(网络文件系统）在RHEL8.6中的简单配置

---

---

前言

在NFS的应用中，本地NFS的客户端应用可以透明地读写位于远端NFS服务器上的文件，就像访问本地文件一样，本文面向新手简单介绍了如何配置NFS

---

NFS(网络文件系统）

1.检查NFS服务安装

[root@localhost ~]# dnf install nfs-utils  #检查NFS服务安装
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:05 ago on Tue 26 Dec 2023 08:52:22 AM PST.
Package nfs-utils-1:2.3.3-51.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

2.防火墙配置

注意截图

[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F  #防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.4 on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [1447:1892001]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [1418:949630]
:LIBVIRT_INP - [0:0]
:LIBVIRT_OUT - [0:0]
:LIBVIRT_FWO - [0:0]
:LIBVIRT_FWI - [0:0]
:LIBVIRT_FWX - [0:0]
COMMIT
# Completed on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.4 on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
*security
:INPUT ACCEPT [1351:1880992]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [1418:949630]
COMMIT
# Completed on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.4 on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
*raw
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [1452:1893361]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [1418:949630]
COMMIT
# Completed on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.4 on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
*mangle
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [1452:1893361]
:INPUT ACCEPT [1447:1892001]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [1418:949630]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [1464:954880]
:LIBVIRT_PRT - [0:0]
-A POSTROUTING -j LIBVIRT_PRT
-A LIBVIRT_PRT -o virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j CHECKSUM --checksum-fill
COMMIT
# Completed on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.4 on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [60:7379]
:INPUT ACCEPT [5:260]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [264:20448]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [264:20448]
:LIBVIRT_PRT - [0:0]
-A POSTROUTING -j LIBVIRT_PRT
-A LIBVIRT_PRT -s 192.168.122.0/24 -d 224.0.0.0/24 -j RETURN
-A LIBVIRT_PRT -s 192.168.122.0/24 -d 255.255.255.255/32 -j RETURN
-A LIBVIRT_PRT -s 192.168.122.0/24 ! -d 192.168.122.0/24 -p tcp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A LIBVIRT_PRT -s 192.168.122.0/24 ! -d 192.168.122.0/24 -p udp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A LIBVIRT_PRT -s 192.168.122.0/24 ! -d 192.168.122.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
# Completed on Tue Dec 26 09:05:21 2023



[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=nfs
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=rpc-bind
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=mountd
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

3.创建共享目录及分配权限

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /nfsfile  #创建共享目录及分配权限
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 777 /nfsfile
[root@localhost ~]# echo "welcome" > /nfsfile/readme

4.NFS服务配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/exports

# 以下为文件编辑内容
/nfsfile 192.168.*.*(rw,sync,root_squash)
# IP地址请根据题目对应客户机（即第二台机）IP进行变更星号数字

5.启动服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs-server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nfs-server
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

6.在客户机上检查并挂载

[root@localhost ~]#showmount -e 192.168.60.129  #此处IP填写第一台虚拟机ip
Export list for 192.168.60.129:
/nfsfile 192.168.*.*
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /nfsfile
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.60.129:/nfsfile /nfsfile  #此处IP填写第一台虚拟机ip
[root@localhost ~]# df -h   #如成功此处注意截图！！！
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    1.9G  9.8M  1.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/nvme0n1p3            18G  5.2G   13G  30% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1           295M  188M  107M  64% /boot
tmpfs                    371M   44K  371M   1% /run/user/0
192.168.60.129:/nfsfile   18G  5.3G   13G  30% /nfsfile  ##看到这一行出现第一台虚拟机ip则为该服务配置成功

总结

至此，我们已经成功配置了NFS服务，并让它成功挂载运行起来了。