OpenCV计算机视觉实战(Python版)_004图像形态学处理

形态学处理

腐蚀操作

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

腐蚀之后，线条变细，毛刺消失

#线条变细，毛刺消失
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')

cv2.imshow('pie', pie)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

迭代次数为分别为1,2,3.看看腐蚀效果

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
erosion_1 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
erosion_2 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
erosion_3 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((erosion_1,erosion_2,erosion_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

膨胀操作

img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

腐蚀

kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

膨胀

kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_dilate = cv2.dilate(dige_erosion,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('dilate', dige_dilate)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

迭代次数分别为1,2，3

pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
dilate_1 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
dilate_2 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
dilate_3 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((dilate_1,dilate_2,dilate_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

开运算与闭运算

# 开：先腐蚀，再膨胀
img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

cv2.imshow('opening', opening)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

# 闭：先膨胀，再腐蚀
img = cv2.imread('dige.png')

kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)

cv2.imshow('closing', closing)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

梯度运算

梯度=膨胀-腐蚀

pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')
kernel = np.ones((7,7),np.uint8) 
dilate = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)
erosion = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)

res = np.hstack((dilate,erosion))

cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(pie, cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)

cv2.imshow('gradient', gradient)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

礼帽与黑帽

• 礼帽 = 原始输入-开运算结果
• 黑帽 = 闭运算-原始输入

4、顶帽（Top Hat）：原图与开运算结果图之差

开运算放大了裂缝或者局部低亮度的区域，所以，从原图中减去开运算后的图，得到的结果突出了比原图轮廓周围的区域更明亮的区域，这个操作与选择的核的大小有关。TopHat运算一般用来分离比邻近点亮一些的斑块，可以使用这个运算提取背景。

5、黑帽运算（Black Hat）：闭运算的结果与原图之差

黑帽运算的结果突出了比原图轮廓周围区域更暗的区域，所以黑帽运算用来分离比邻近点暗一些的斑块。

礼帽

#礼帽
img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('tophat', tophat)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

黑帽

#黑帽
img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
blackhat  = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)
cv2.imshow('blackhat ', blackhat )
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()