【Go】通过Cobra构建命令行程序

Cobra是当前Go语言中最流行的命令行程序构建库，在Docker、K8S、Tendermint等项目中被广泛使用。相较于Go的Flag标准库，Cobra更加强大。

1 安装Cobra

go get github.com/spf13/cobra

2 直接举例

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
	"os"
)

var num0, num1 float64
var operation string

func main() {

	// 根命令
	rootCmd := cobra.Command{

		// 命令的名称
		Use: "compute",

		// 简短描述
		Short: "Arithmetic operation of two numbers",

		// 详细描述
		Long: "Computes the arithmetic result of two floating-point numbers, " +
			"including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division",
	}

	// 子命令
	operationCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "cal",
		Short: "Calculate two numbers",
		Long:  "Calculate the result of the addition operation of two numbers",

		// 钩子函数，命令执行时会调用
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			switch operation {
			case "add":
				fmt.Println(num0 + num1)
			case "sub":
				fmt.Println(num0 - num1)
			case "mul":
				fmt.Println(num0 * num1)
			case "div":
				if num1 == 0 {
					return fmt.Errorf("divisor is zero")
				}
				fmt.Println(num0 / num1)
			default:
				return fmt.Errorf("operation error")
			}
			return nil
		},
	}

	// 解析命令参数
	operationCmd.Flags().Float64Var(&num0, "num0", 0.0, "")
	operationCmd.Flags().Float64Var(&num1, "num1", 0.0, "")
	operationCmd.Flags().StringVar(&operation, "operation", "add", "")

	rootCmd.AddCommand(operationCmd) // 向根命令添加子命令

	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err.Error())
		os.Exit(1)
	}
}

1.1 生成可执行文件

1.2 获取命令的帮助信息

1.3 命令测试