【气象常用】单省掩膜+等值线填充

效果图：

主要步骤：

1. 数据准备：下载ERA5月平均地表温度数据就好啦（不会的可以看我之前的帖子【数据下载】ERA5地表月平均数据下载-CSDN博客）

2. 数据处理：计算温度距平，掩膜四川省数据

3. 图像绘制：主要包括等值线填充，经纬网格线绘制，坐标轴标签的设置

注：找到了一版正确的地图，链接在这里国家出品审图号：GS（2024）0650号省市县shp格式地图无条件下载 (qq.com)

详细代码：着急的直接拖到最后有完整代码

步骤一：导入库包及图片存储路径并设置中文字体为宋体，西文为新罗马（没有的库包要先下好奥）

##########################################################
# 导入库包并设置字体
import numpy as np
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
from cartopy.mpl.gridliner import LONGITUDE_FORMATTER, LATITUDE_FORMATTER
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter, LatitudeFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker
import xarray as xr
from cnmaps import get_adm_maps
# import pygrib as pg
# 设置西文字体为新罗马字体，中文为宋体，字号为12
from matplotlib import rcParams
config = {
            "font.family": 'serif',
            "font.size": 12,
            "mathtext.fontset": 'stix',
            "font.serif": ['SimSun'],
          }
rcParams.update(config)
rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False

步骤二：读入数据并计算平均温度及温度距平

##########################################################
datapath = r'H:/00.csdn/01data/'
figpath = r'H:/00.csdn/02fig/'
shppath = r'H:/00.csdn/04shp/ASEF：天地图_审图号：GS（2024）0650号_中国省市县地图/中国_省/中国_省1.shp'

# 读入数据
f = xr.open_dataset(datapath + 't2m_cn_jja_1950-2023.nc')
# print(f)
t = f['t2m'].loc[:, 55.:0., 70.:140.]
time = f['time']
lons = t['longitude']
lats = t['latitude']
lon, lat = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
# 计算时间维平均，及距平
t_mean = np.mean(t, axis=0)
dt = t[-1, :, :] - t_mean
# print(np.max(dt))
# print(np.min(dt))

步骤三：掩膜数据

#掩膜数据
cn = get_adm_maps(level='省',province='四川省', only_polygon=True, record='first')
dt = cn.maskout(lon, lat, dt)

步骤四：定义绘图函数并调用函数（这里所有的东西你都可以选择要与不要，不要注释掉就好了）

##########################################################
# 画图
t_level = np.arange(0, 2, 0.2)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 6))
def plot_cont(data, location, level, extent, show):
    ax = fig.add_axes(location, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    c1 = ax.contourf(lon, lat, data, levels=level, 
                      extend='both', cmap='OrRd', transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())

    # 添加地理信息
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'))  # 海洋填充为蓝色
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND.with_scale('50m'), facecolor='w')  # 陆地填充为白色
    # help(ax.add_feature)
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.RIVERS.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加河流
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAKES.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加湖泊
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加国界线
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加海岸线
    # ax.add_geometries(Reader(shppath).geometries(), ccrs.PlateCarree(),
    #                   facecolor='none', edgecolor='k', linewidth=0.7)  #添加中国国界

    # 设置显示范围
    ax.set_extent(extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    
    # 设置是否显示经纬网格线及坐标刻度
    if show == True:
        # 画经纬度网格
        gl = ax.gridlines(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(), draw_labels=False, linewidth=1.2, 
                          color='k', alpha=0.5, linestyle='--')
        
        gl.top_labels = False  # 关闭顶端的经纬度标签
        gl.right_labels = False  # 关闭右侧的经纬度标签
        gl.xformatter = LONGITUDE_FORMATTER  # x轴设为经度的格式
        gl.yformatter = LATITUDE_FORMATTER  # y轴设为纬度的格式
    
        # 设置经纬度网格的间隔及坐标标签
        gl.xlocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[0], extent[1]+1, 2))
        gl.ylocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[2], extent[3]+1, 2))
        ax.set_xticks(list(range(extent[0], extent[1]+1, 2)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        ax.set_yticks(list(range(extent[2], extent[3]+1, 2)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        
        lon_formatter = LongitudeFormatter(zero_direction_label=True)  # zero_direction_label用来设置经度的0度加不加E和W
        lat_formatter = LatitudeFormatter()
        ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(lon_formatter)
        ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(lat_formatter)
    return c1

SC = plot_cont(dt, [0.1, 0.1, 1, 1], t_level, [97, 109, 26, 35], show=True)
plt.text(104, 34.5, '审图号：GS（2024）0650号', fontsize=20)

步骤五：色标设置

###############################################################################
# 色标设置
rect = [0.3, 0.015, 0.6, 0.04]
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes(rect)

cb = fig.colorbar(SC, drawedges=True, ticks=t_level, 
                  cax=cbar_ax, orientation='horizontal')
cb.set_label('℃', fontsize=12)
cb.ax.tick_params(length=0)

 步骤六：保存图像

###############################################################################
# 存图
plt.savefig(figpath+'203 单省填充', dpi=600, bbox_inches = 'tight')
plt.show()

完整代码在这里：

##########################################################
# 导入库包并设置字体
import numpy as np
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
from cartopy.mpl.gridliner import LONGITUDE_FORMATTER, LATITUDE_FORMATTER
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter, LatitudeFormatter
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker
import xarray as xr
from cnmaps import get_adm_maps
# import pygrib as pg
# 设置西文字体为新罗马字体，中文为宋体，字号为12
from matplotlib import rcParams
config = {
            "font.family": 'serif',
            "font.size": 12,
            "mathtext.fontset": 'stix',
            "font.serif": ['SimSun'],
          }
rcParams.update(config)
rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False
##########################################################
datapath = r'H:/00.csdn/01data/'
figpath = r'H:/00.csdn/02fig/'
shppath = r'H:/00.csdn/04shp/ASEF：天地图_审图号：GS（2024）0650号_中国省市县地图/中国_省/中国_省1.shp'

# 读入数据
f = xr.open_dataset(datapath + 't2m_cn_jja_1950-2023.nc')
# print(f)
t = f['t2m'].loc[:, 55.:0., 70.:140.]
time = f['time']
lons = t['longitude']
lats = t['latitude']
lon, lat = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
# 计算时间维平均，及距平
t_mean = np.mean(t, axis=0)
dt = t[-1, :, :] - t_mean
# print(np.max(dt))
# print(np.min(dt))

#掩膜数据
cn = get_adm_maps(level='省',province='四川省', only_polygon=True, record='first')
dt = cn.maskout(lon, lat, dt)
##########################################################
# 画图
t_level = np.arange(0, 2, 0.2)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 6))
def plot_cont(data, location, level, extent, show):
    ax = fig.add_axes(location, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    c1 = ax.contourf(lon, lat, data, levels=level, 
                      extend='both', cmap='OrRd', transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())

    # 添加地理信息
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'))  # 海洋填充为蓝色
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND.with_scale('50m'), facecolor='w')  # 陆地填充为白色
    # help(ax.add_feature)
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.RIVERS.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加河流
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAKES.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加湖泊
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加国界线
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加海岸线
    # ax.add_geometries(Reader(shppath).geometries(), ccrs.PlateCarree(),
    #                   facecolor='none', edgecolor='k', linewidth=0.7)  #添加中国国界

    # 设置显示范围
    ax.set_extent(extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    
    # 设置是否显示经纬网格线及坐标刻度
    if show == True:
        # 画经纬度网格
        gl = ax.gridlines(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(), draw_labels=False, linewidth=1.2, 
                          color='k', alpha=0.5, linestyle='--')
        
        gl.top_labels = False  # 关闭顶端的经纬度标签
        gl.right_labels = False  # 关闭右侧的经纬度标签
        gl.xformatter = LONGITUDE_FORMATTER  # x轴设为经度的格式
        gl.yformatter = LATITUDE_FORMATTER  # y轴设为纬度的格式
    
        # 设置经纬度网格的间隔及坐标标签
        gl.xlocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[0], extent[1]+1, 2))
        gl.ylocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[2], extent[3]+1, 2))
        ax.set_xticks(list(range(extent[0], extent[1]+1, 2)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        ax.set_yticks(list(range(extent[2], extent[3]+1, 2)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        
        lon_formatter = LongitudeFormatter(zero_direction_label=True)  # zero_direction_label用来设置经度的0度加不加E和W
        lat_formatter = LatitudeFormatter()
        ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(lon_formatter)
        ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(lat_formatter)
    return c1

SC = plot_cont(dt, [0.1, 0.1, 1, 1], t_level, [97, 109, 26, 35], show=True)
plt.text(104, 34.5, '审图号：GS（2024）0650号', fontsize=20)
###############################################################################
# 色标设置
rect = [0.3, 0.015, 0.6, 0.04]
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes(rect)

cb = fig.colorbar(SC, drawedges=True, ticks=t_level, 
                  cax=cbar_ax, orientation='horizontal')
cb.set_label('℃', fontsize=12)
cb.ax.tick_params(length=0)

###############################################################################
# 存图
plt.savefig(figpath+'203 单省填充', dpi=600, bbox_inches = 'tight')
plt.show()