【气象常用】全球等值线图+组图

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效果图：

主要步骤：

1. 数据准备：用的era5月尺度2m温度数据，下载方法看这里【数据下载】ERA5地表月平均数据下载_era5-land逐年下载-CSDN博客

2. 数据处理：计算了温度距平

3. 图像绘制：在一张图上绘制12个月全球温度距平的等值线

详细代码：着急的直接拖到最后有完整代码

步骤一：导入库包及图片存储路径并设置中文字体为宋体，西文为新罗马（没有的库包要先下好奥）

import numpy as np
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
from cartopy.mpl.gridliner import LONGITUDE_FORMATTER, LATITUDE_FORMATTER
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter, LatitudeFormatter
from cartopy.io.shapereader import Reader
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker
import xarray as xr
# from cnmaps import get_adm_maps, draw_maps
# # import pygrib as pg
# 设置西文字体为新罗马字体，中文为宋体，字号为12
from matplotlib import rcParams
config = {
            "font.family": 'serif',
            "font.size": 12,
            "mathtext.fontset": 'stix',
            "font.serif": ['SimSun'],
          }
rcParams.update(config)
rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False

步骤二：读入数据

##########################################################
datapath = r'H:/00.csdn/01data/'
figpath = r'H:/00.csdn/02fig/'

# 读入数据
f = xr.open_dataset(datapath + 'adaptor.mars.internal-1722923621.7120583-8340-14-564f2282-d1be-45f2-b27b-1237762039a5.nc')
# print(f)
t = f['t2m']
time = f['time']
lons = t['longitude']
lats = t['latitude']
lon, lat = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
# 计算时间维平均，及距平
t_mean = np.mean(t, axis=0)
dt = t[:, :, :] - t_mean

print(f'最大值：{np.max(dt).values:5.2f}，最小值：{np.min(dt).values:5.2f}')
extent = [-180, 180, -90, 90]

步骤三：绘制图像   

    # data:所绘制的数据
    # sub_fig_location：子图位置
    # sub_title：子图名称
    # sub_title_position：标题位置
    # level:等值线间隔
    # show：是否显示网格线

##########################################################
# 画图
t_level = np.arange(-30, 30, 5)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 6))
# 定义画图函数
def plot_cont(data, sub_fig_location, sub_title, sub_title_position, level,  show):
    # data:所绘制的数据
    # sub_fig_location：子图位置
    # sub_title：子图名称
    # sub_title_position：标题位置
    # level:等值线间隔
    # show：是否显示网格线
    ax = fig.add_axes(sub_fig_location, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree(central_longitude=120))
    c1 = ax.contourf(lon, lat, data, levels=level, 
                      extend='both', cmap='RdBu_r', transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())

    # 添加地理信息
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'))  # 海洋填充为蓝色
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND.with_scale('50m'), facecolor='w')  # 陆地填充为白色
    # help(ax.add_feature)
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.RIVERS.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加河流
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAKES.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加湖泊
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加国界线
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加海岸线
    title = ax.set_title(sub_title, fontsize=12)
    title.set_position(sub_title_position)  # 调整位置


    # 设置显示范围
    ax.set_extent(extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    
    # 设置是否显示经纬网格线及坐标刻度
    if show == True:
        # 画经纬度网格
        gl = ax.gridlines(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(), draw_labels=False, linewidth=1.2, 
                          color='k', alpha=0.5, linestyle='--')
        
        gl.top_labels = False  # 关闭顶端的经纬度标签
        gl.right_labels = False  # 关闭右侧的经纬度标签
        gl.xformatter = LONGITUDE_FORMATTER  # x轴设为经度的格式
        gl.yformatter = LATITUDE_FORMATTER  # y轴设为纬度的格式
    
        # 设置经纬度网格的间隔及坐标标签
        gl.xlocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[0], extent[1]+10, 60))
        gl.ylocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[2], extent[3]+10, 30))
        ax.set_xticks(list(range(extent[0], extent[1]+10, 60)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        ax.set_yticks(list(range(extent[2], extent[3]+10, 30)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        
        lon_formatter = LongitudeFormatter(zero_direction_label=True)  # zero_direction_label用来设置经度的0度加不加E和W
        lat_formatter = LatitudeFormatter()
        ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(lon_formatter)
        ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(lat_formatter)
        
    return c1

location = [[0.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3], [0.4, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3], [0.7, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3], [1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3],
            [0.1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3], [0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3], [0.7, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3], [1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3],
            [0.1, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3], [0.4, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3], [0.7, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3], [1, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3],]
title = ['(a)JAN', '(b)FEB', '(c)MAR', '(d)APR', 
         '(e)MAY', '(f)JUN', '(g)JUL', '(h)AUG', 
         '(i)SEP', '(j)OCT', '(k)NOV', '(l)DEC']
            
for i in range(12):
    CN = plot_cont(dt[i], sub_fig_location=location[i], sub_title=title[i], sub_title_position=[0.08, 1.05], level=t_level, show=True)

步骤四：设置色标

###############################################################################
# 色标设置
rect = [0.3, 0.015, 0.8, 0.03]
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes(rect)

cb = fig.colorbar(CN, drawedges=True, ticks=t_level, 
                  cax=cbar_ax, orientation='horizontal')
cb.set_label('℃', fontsize=12)
# cb.ax.tick_params(length=0)

步骤五：保存图像

###############################################################################
# 存图
plt.savefig(figpath+'216 全球填色加组图', dpi=600, bbox_inches = 'tight')
plt.show()

完整代码在这里：

import numpy as np
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature
from cartopy.mpl.gridliner import LONGITUDE_FORMATTER, LATITUDE_FORMATTER
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter, LatitudeFormatter
from cartopy.io.shapereader import Reader
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as mticker
import xarray as xr
# from cnmaps import get_adm_maps, draw_maps
# # import pygrib as pg
# 设置西文字体为新罗马字体，中文为宋体，字号为12
from matplotlib import rcParams
config = {
            "font.family": 'serif',
            "font.size": 12,
            "mathtext.fontset": 'stix',
            "font.serif": ['SimSun'],
          }
rcParams.update(config)
rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False
##########################################################
datapath = r'H:/00.csdn/01data/'
figpath = r'H:/00.csdn/02fig/'

# 读入数据
f = xr.open_dataset(datapath + 'adaptor.mars.internal-1722923621.7120583-8340-14-564f2282-d1be-45f2-b27b-1237762039a5.nc')
# print(f)
t = f['t2m']
time = f['time']
lons = t['longitude']
lats = t['latitude']
lon, lat = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
# 计算时间维平均，及距平
t_mean = np.mean(t, axis=0)
dt = t[:, :, :] - t_mean

print(f'最大值：{np.max(dt).values:5.2f}，最小值：{np.min(dt).values:5.2f}')
extent = [-180, 180, -90, 90]
##########################################################
# 画图
t_level = np.arange(-30, 30, 5)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 6))
# 定义画图函数
def plot_cont(data, sub_fig_location, sub_title, sub_title_position, level,  show):
    # data:所绘制的数据
    # sub_fig_location：子图位置
    # sub_title：子图名称
    # sub_title_position：标题位置
    # level:等值线间隔
    # show：是否显示网格线
    ax = fig.add_axes(sub_fig_location, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree(central_longitude=120))
    c1 = ax.contourf(lon, lat, data, levels=level, 
                      extend='both', cmap='RdBu_r', transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())

    # 添加地理信息
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'))  # 海洋填充为蓝色
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND.with_scale('50m'), facecolor='w')  # 陆地填充为白色
    # help(ax.add_feature)
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.RIVERS.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加河流
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAKES.with_scale('50m'))  # 添加湖泊
    # ax.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加国界线
    ax.add_feature(cfeature.COASTLINE.with_scale('50m'),lw=0.5)  # 添加海岸线
    title = ax.set_title(sub_title, fontsize=12)
    title.set_position(sub_title_position)  # 调整位置


    # 设置显示范围
    ax.set_extent(extent, crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    
    # 设置是否显示经纬网格线及坐标刻度
    if show == True:
        # 画经纬度网格
        gl = ax.gridlines(crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(), draw_labels=False, linewidth=1.2, 
                          color='k', alpha=0.5, linestyle='--')
        
        gl.top_labels = False  # 关闭顶端的经纬度标签
        gl.right_labels = False  # 关闭右侧的经纬度标签
        gl.xformatter = LONGITUDE_FORMATTER  # x轴设为经度的格式
        gl.yformatter = LATITUDE_FORMATTER  # y轴设为纬度的格式
    
        # 设置经纬度网格的间隔及坐标标签
        gl.xlocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[0], extent[1]+10, 60))
        gl.ylocator = mticker.FixedLocator(np.arange(extent[2], extent[3]+10, 30))
        ax.set_xticks(list(range(extent[0], extent[1]+10, 60)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        ax.set_yticks(list(range(extent[2], extent[3]+10, 30)), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())
        
        lon_formatter = LongitudeFormatter(zero_direction_label=True)  # zero_direction_label用来设置经度的0度加不加E和W
        lat_formatter = LatitudeFormatter()
        ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(lon_formatter)
        ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(lat_formatter)
        
    return c1

location = [[0.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3], [0.4, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3], [0.7, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3], [1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.3],
            [0.1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3], [0.4, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3], [0.7, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3], [1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3],
            [0.1, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3], [0.4, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3], [0.7, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3], [1, 0.1, 0.4, 0.3],]
title = ['(a)JAN', '(b)FEB', '(c)MAR', '(d)APR', 
         '(e)MAY', '(f)JUN', '(g)JUL', '(h)AUG', 
         '(i)SEP', '(j)OCT', '(k)NOV', '(l)DEC']
            
for i in range(12):
    CN = plot_cont(dt[i], sub_fig_location=location[i], sub_title=title[i], sub_title_position=[0.08, 1.05], level=t_level, show=True)

###############################################################################
# 色标设置
rect = [0.3, 0.015, 0.8, 0.03]
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes(rect)

cb = fig.colorbar(CN, drawedges=True, ticks=t_level, 
                  cax=cbar_ax, orientation='horizontal')
cb.set_label('℃', fontsize=12)
# cb.ax.tick_params(length=0)
###############################################################################
# 存图
plt.savefig(figpath+'216 全球填色加组图', dpi=600, bbox_inches = 'tight')
plt.show()