背景
机器每次机启后时间就会出现异常,因为机器无法访问外网,只能访问局域网的ntp服务,所以需要保证局域网内部有ntp服务,如何安装ntp服务,参考Ubuntu20.04 Ntp服务安装及验证。
网络时间协议Network Time Protocol(NTP) 是一种确保时钟保持准确的方法。如果可以访问互联网,只需安装ntp的客户端软件到互联网上的公共ntp服务器自动修正时间即可
一、系统时间和硬件时间
Linux在默认情况下,系统时间和硬件时间并不会自动同步。而是以异步的方式运行,互不干扰。其中硬件时间的运行,是靠Bios电池来维持,而系统时间,是用CPU 时钟来维持的。
在系统开机的时候,会自动从Bios中取得硬件时间,设置为系统时间。
1.1 date命令
用来查看和设置系统时间
date #查看系统当前时间
sudo date -s "2023-03-18 11:16:10" #修改系统时间为 "xxxx-xx-xx xx:xx:xx"
===============================================================================
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$ date
Вт мар 18 11:16:27 +08 2023
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$ sudo date -s "2023-03-18 11:16:10"
[sudo] password for nvidia:
Вт мар 18 11:16:10 +08 2023
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$
硬件时间的设置,可以用hwclock
1.2 hwclock 命令
查看当前硬件时间
注意:hwclock 所有命令需要使用root 权限
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$ hwclock
hwclock: Cannot access the Hardware Clock via any known method.
hwclock: Use the --debug option to see the details of our search for an access method.
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$ sudo hwclock
2023-03-21 11:18:49.607690+0800
nvidia@nvidia-desktop:~$
将系统时间同步到硬件时间
hwclock -w
将硬件时间同步到系统时间
hwclock -s
二、不同机器间时间同步
为了避免主机时间因为长期运作下所导致的时间偏差,进行时间同步(synchronize)的工作是非常必要的。Linux系统下,一般使用ntp服务器来同步不同机器的时间。一台机器,可以同时是ntp服务器和ntp客户机。
2.1 ntpdate命令实现
ntpdate 安装:
yum install ntpdate -y # Centos系统
======================================
sudo apt install ntpdate # Ubuntu系统
时间同步
sudo ntpdate -u cn.pool.ntp.org
18 Mar 18:25:22 ntpdate[18673]: adjust time server 84.16.73.33 offset 0.015941 sec
使用ntpdate 只是强制将系统时间设置为ntp服务器时间,如果cpu tick有问题,时间还是会不准。所以,一般配合cron命令,来进行定期同步设置。比如,在crontab中添加:
sudo crontab -e
0 12 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.10.110
上述命令的意思是:每天的12点整,从192.168.10.110 ntp服务器同步一次时间(前提是 192.168.10.110有ntp服务)。
2.2 Ntp客户端代码实现
本质上还是创建socket连接去获取ntp服务的时间与本地时间比较,不一致修改本机时间即可。
NtpClient.h
//
// Created by lwang on 2023-03-18.
//
#ifndef NTP_CLIENT_H
#define NTP_CLIENT_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <endian.h>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <mutex>
using namespace std;
#define NTP_LI 0
#define NTP_VERSION_NUM 3
#define NTP_MODE_CLIENT 3
#define NTP_MODE_SERVER 4
#define NTP_STRATUM 0
#define NTP_POLL 4
#define NTP_PRECISION -6
#define NTP_MIN_LEN 48
#define NTP_SERVER_PORT 123
#define NTP_SERVER_ADDR "119.28.183.184"
#define TIMEOUT 2
#define BUFSIZE 1500
#define JAN_1970 0x83aa7e80
#define NTP_CONV_FRAC32(x) (uint64_t)((x) * ((uint64_t)1 << 32))
#define NTP_REVE_FRAC32(x) ((double)((double)(x) / ((uint64_t)1 << 32)))
#define NTP_CONV_FRAC16(x) (uint32_t)((x) * ((uint32_t)1 << 16))
#define NTP_REVE_FRAC16(x) ((double)((double)(x) / ((uint32_t)1 << 16)))
#define USEC2FRAC(x) ((uint32_t)NTP_CONV_FRAC32((x) / 1000000.0))
#define FRAC2USEC(x) ((uint32_t)NTP_REVE_FRAC32((x)*1000000.0))
#define NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(x) ((double)(ntohl(((struct l_fixedpt *)(x))->intpart) - JAN_1970 + FRAC2USEC(ntohl(((struct l_fixedpt *)(x))->fracpart)) / 1000000.0))
struct s_fixedpt
{
uint16_t intpart;
uint16_t fracpart;
};
struct l_fixedpt
{
uint32_t intpart;
uint32_t fracpart;
};
struct ntphdr
{
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BID_ENDIAN
unsigned int ntp_li : 2;
unsigned int ntp_vn : 3;
unsigned int ntp_mode : 3;
#endif
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
unsigned int ntp_mode : 3;
unsigned int ntp_vn : 3;
unsigned int ntp_li : 2;
#endif
uint8_t ntp_stratum;
uint8_t ntp_poll;
int8_t ntp_precision;
struct s_fixedpt ntp_rtdelay;
struct s_fixedpt ntp_rtdispersion;
uint32_t ntp_refid;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_refts;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_orits;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_recvts;
struct l_fixedpt ntp_transts;
};
class NtpClient {
public:
NtpClient();
virtual ~NtpClient();
void GetNtpTime(std::string &ntpTime);
in_addr_t HostTransfer(const char *host);
int PaddingNtpPackage(void *buf, size_t *size);
double GetOffset(const struct ntphdr *ntp, const struct timeval *recvtv);
private:
int m_sockfd;
};
#endif /* NTP_CLIENT_H */
NtpClient.cpp
//
// Created by lwang on 2023-03-18.
//
#include "NtpClient.h"
NtpClient::NtpClient() { }
NtpClient::~NtpClient() {}
in_addr_t NtpClient::HostTransfer(const char *host)
{
in_addr_t saddr;
struct hostent *hostent;
if ((saddr = inet_addr(host)) == INADDR_NONE)
{
if ((hostent = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL){
return INADDR_NONE;
}
memmove(&saddr, hostent->h_addr, hostent->h_length);
}
return saddr;
}
int NtpClient::PaddingNtpPackage(void *buf, size_t *size) // 构建并发送NTP请求报文
{
if (!size)
return -1;
struct ntphdr *ntp;
struct timeval tv;
memset(buf, 0, BUFSIZE);
ntp = (struct ntphdr *)buf;
ntp->ntp_li = NTP_LI;
ntp->ntp_vn = NTP_VERSION_NUM;
ntp->ntp_mode = NTP_MODE_CLIENT;
ntp->ntp_stratum = NTP_STRATUM;
ntp->ntp_poll = NTP_POLL;
ntp->ntp_precision = NTP_PRECISION;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); // 把目前的时间用tv 结构体返回
ntp->ntp_transts.intpart = htonl(tv.tv_sec + JAN_1970);
ntp->ntp_transts.fracpart = htonl(USEC2FRAC(tv.tv_usec));
*size = NTP_MIN_LEN;
return 0;
}
double NtpClient::GetOffset(const struct ntphdr *ntp, const struct timeval *recvtv) // 偏移量
{
double t1, t2, t3, t4;
t1 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_orits);
t2 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_recvts);
t3 = NTP_LFIXED2DOUBLE(&ntp->ntp_transts);
t4 = recvtv->tv_sec + recvtv->tv_usec / 1000000.0;
return ((t2 - t1) + (t3 - t4)) / 2;
}
void NtpClient::GetNtpTime(std::string &ntpTime)
{
char buffer[64] = {0};
char cmd[128] = {0};
tm *local;
char buf[BUFSIZE];
size_t nbytes;
int maxfd1;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
fd_set readfds;
struct timeval timeout, recvtv, tv;
double offset;
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(NTP_SERVER_PORT);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = HostTransfer(NTP_SERVER_ADDR);
if ((m_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0){
perror("socket error");
return ;
}
if (connect(m_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) != 0){
perror("connect error");
return ;
}
nbytes = BUFSIZE;
if (PaddingNtpPackage(buf, &nbytes) != 0){
fprintf(stderr, "construct ntp request error \n");
exit(-1);
}
send(m_sockfd, buf, nbytes, 0);
FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_SET(m_sockfd, &readfds);
maxfd1 = m_sockfd + 1;
timeout.tv_sec = TIMEOUT;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
if (select(maxfd1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout) > 0){
if (FD_ISSET(m_sockfd, &readfds)){
if ((nbytes = recv(m_sockfd, buf, BUFSIZE, 0)) < 0){
perror("recv error");
exit(-1);
}
// 计算C/S时间偏移量
gettimeofday(&recvtv, NULL);
offset = GetOffset((struct ntphdr *)buf, &recvtv);
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
tv.tv_sec += (int)offset;
tv.tv_usec += offset - (int)offset;
local = localtime((time_t *)&tv.tv_sec);
strftime(buffer, 64, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", local);
ntpTime = std::string(buffer);
}
}
return ;
}
main.cpp
#include "NtpClient.h"
int main()
{
std::string ntpTime = "";
char curBuf[64] = {0};
struct timeval cur;
tm *local;
NtpClient client;
client.GetNtpTime(ntpTime);
cout << "ntpTime: " << ntpTime << endl;
gettimeofday(&cur, NULL);
local = localtime((time_t *)&cur.tv_sec);
strftime(curBuf, 64, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", local);
std::string curTime = std::string(curBuf);
cout << "curTime: " << curTime << endl;
if (curTime != ntpTime){
cout << "start time calibrate!" << endl;
std::string cmd = "sudo date -s \"" + ntpTime + "\"";
system(cmd.c_str());
cout << "cmd: " << cmd << endl;
}else{
cout << "time seem" << endl;
}
return 0;
}