【MATLAB】逐步搜索法、二分法、比例求根法、牛顿法、弦截法求方程的根

本文为《数值计算方法》的作业之一

之二：【MATLAB】欧拉法、2阶R-K法、4阶R-K法、预测-校正法（M-S法、A-M法）、有限差分法
解常微分方程

之三：

收敛性比较

分别用逐步搜索法、二分法、比例求根法、牛顿法、弦截法求下列方程的根，并分别画出几种方法所求根的收敛速度对比图（即画出相对误差随迭代步数的变化趋势图）

• $$f(x)=cos(x)-x$$

• $$f(x)=x^{12}-1$$

• 代码

clear
% f(x) = 0 
f = @(x)cos(x) - x
x_left = -1;
x_right = 2;
stepsMax= 15;
% 逐步搜索法、二分法、比例求根法、牛顿法、弦截法error
errors = zeros(stepsMax,5);
syms x
df = matlabFunction(diff(f(x)))% 求导
if(f(x_left) * f(x_right) >= 0)
    disp("f(x_left) * f(x_right) >= 0")
end
% 逐步搜索法
a = x_left;
b = x_right;
h = (x_right - x_left)/stepsMax;
for i = 1:stepsMax
    c = a + h;
    errors(i,1) = f(c);
    if f(c)==0  
        break;
    elseif f(c)*f(b)<0    
        a = c;
    else
        b = c;
    end
end
% 二分法
a = x_left;
b = x_right;
for i = 1:stepsMax
    c = (a+b)/2;
    errors(i,2) = f(c);
    if f(c)==0  
        break;
    elseif f(c)*f(b)<0    
        a = c;
    else
        b = c;
    end
end
% 比例求根法
a = x_left;
b = x_right;
for i = 1:stepsMax
    c = a - f(a)/(f(a)-f(b))*(a-b);
    errors(i,3) = f(c);
    if f(c)==0  
        break;
    elseif f(c)*f(b)<0    
        a = c;
    else
        b = c;
    end
end
% 牛顿法
c = x_right;
for i = 1:stepsMax
    c = c - f(c)./df(c);
    errors(i,4) = f(c);
    if f(c)==0  
        break;
    end
end
% 弦截法
c = x_right;
d = x_left;
for i = 1:stepsMax
    temp = d;
    d = d - f(d)*(c-d)/(f(c)-f(d));
    c = temp;
    errors(i,5) = f(d);
    if f(c)==0  
        break;
    end
end


figure
hold on
errors = abs(errors);
for i = 1:5
    semilogy(errors(:,i),".-");
end

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