搭建LAMP
LAMP的四个组成
了解LAMP堆栈的四个软件层有助于故障排除过程,它允许我们看到每个层如何相互依赖。下面我们来具体了解一下LAMP的四个组成部分:
Linux:操作系统(OS)构成了我们的第一层。Linux为堆栈模型奠定了基础。所有其他图层都在此图层的顶部运行。
Apache:第二层由Web服务器软件组成,通常是Apache Web Server。该层位于Linux层之上。Web服务器负责从Web浏览器转换到正确的网站。
MySQL:我们的第三层是MySQL数据库所在的位置。MySQL存储可以通过脚本查询来构建网站的详细信息。MySQL通常与Apache /第2层一起位于Linux层之上。在高端配置中,MySQL可以卸载到单独的主机服务器。
PHP(Perl或Python):在它们之上的就是我们的第四层也是最后一层。脚本层由PHP和/或其他类似的Web编程语言组成。网站和Web应用程序在此层中运行。
搭建Nginx
#安装环境
[root@localhost opt]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib-devel
#解压缩源码包
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
#创建nginx用户
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#编译安装
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.12.2/
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
#路径优化
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin
#校验配置文件语法错误并开启服务查看
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# netstat -antp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22287/nginx: master
#添加Nginx系统服务
为了使用Nginx服务启动,停止,重载方便,可以编写基于Nginx服务控制文件使用systemctl
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description = nginx
After = network.target
[Service]
Type = forking
PIDFile = /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart = /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload = /usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop = /usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp = true
[Install]
WantedBy = multi-user.target
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl enable nginx.service
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl start nginx.service
安装MySQL
#安装环境
[root@localhost opt]# yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake
#解压源码包
[root@localhost opt]# tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
#编译安装
[root@localhost opt]# cd mysql-5.7.20/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# make && make install
创建运行用户
[root@localhost opt]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
数据库目录进行权限调整
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
#调整配置文件
[root@localhost opt]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysqlbasedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
[root@localhost opt]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
#设置环境变量
[root@localhost opt]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH'>>/etc/profile
[root@localhost opt]# echo 'export PATH'>>/etc/profile
[root@localhost opt]# source /etc/profile
#初始化数据库
[root@localhost opt]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost mysql]# cp usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
#数据库开启并查看状态
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost system]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@localhost system]# systemctl status mysqld
[root@localhost system]# netstat -antp | grep mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 21684/mysqld
#添加数据库的管理员密码;密码为"abc123"
[root@localhost etc]# mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123"
Enter password:
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
安装PHP
#安装环境
[root@localhost opt]# yum -y install \
libjpeg \
libjpeg-devel \
libpng \
libpng-devel \
freetype \
freetype-devel \
libxml2 \
libxml2-devel \
zlib \
zlib-devel \
curl \
curl-devel \
openssl \
openssl-devel
#解压源码包
[root@localhost opt]# tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
#编译安装
[root@localhost opt]# cd php-7.1.10/
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# make && make install
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
......
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
......
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
#验证安装的模块
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -m
#配置优化fpm模块
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# vim php-fpm.conf
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
[root@localhost etc]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[root@localhost etc]# netstat -antp | grep php-fpm
[root@localhost etc]# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 45498/php-fpm: mast
[root@localhost etc]# ps aux | grep -c "php-fpm"
4
让nginx支持php
[root@localhost etc]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
#设置测试网页
[root@localhost etc]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost etc]# systemctl restart nginx.service
在浏览器上输入"20.0.0.10/index.php"
#测试数据库
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 输入之前的abc123
mysql> create database bbs;
mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'%' identified by 'admin123';
mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'localhost' identified by 'admin123';
mysql> flush privileges;
[root@localhost etc]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
$link=mysqli_connect('192.168.136.50','bbsuser','admin123');
if($link) echo "<h1>Success!!</h1>";
else echo "Fail!!";
?>
[root@localhost etc]# systemctl restart nginx
在浏览器上输入"20.0.0.10/index.php"
部署社区论坛
#解压源码包
[root@localhost opt]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
[root@localhost opt]# cd dir_SC_UTF8/
[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/
[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/
#设置属主属组,权限
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./config/
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./data/
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./uc_client/
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./uc_server/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./config/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./data/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./uc_client/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./uc_server/
#安装社区动力论坛
在浏览器输入"http://192.168.136.40/bbs/install/index.php"