文章目录
一、Nginx动静分离实现原理
1.1 动静分离实现原理
- 服务端接收来自客户端的请求中,既有静态资源也有动态资源,静态资源由Nginx提供服务,动态资源Nginx转发至后端
1.2 Nginx静态处理优势
- Nginx处理静态页面的效率远高于Tomcat的处理能力
- 若Tomcat的请求量为1000次,则Nginx的请求量为6000次
- Tomcat每秒的吞吐量为0.6M,Nginx的每秒吞吐量为3.6M
- Nginx处理静态资源的能力是Tomcat处理的6倍
二、Nginx负载均衡实现原理
2.1 Nginx实现负载均衡是通过反向代理实现
- 反向代理原理
2.2 Nginx配置反向代理的主要参数
- upstream 服务池名 { }
- 配置后端服务器池,以提供响应数据
- Proxy_pass http://服务池名
- 配置将访问请求转发给后端服务器池的服务器处理
三、Nginx+Tomcat群集搭建
3.1 动静分离搭建
3.1.1 搭建Nginx服务
[root@nginx opt]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel zlib-devel
[root@nginx opt]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@nginx opt]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@nginx opt]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx '编写启动脚本'
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
$PROG
;;
stop)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# netstat -natp | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22832/nginx: master
3.1.2 Tomcat服务搭建
[root@tomcat01 ~]# tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcat01 ~]# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@tomcat01 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@tomcat01 ~]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@tomcat01 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@tomcat01 local]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16/ tomcat
[root@tomcat01 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/bin/
[root@tomcat01 local]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/local/bin/
[root@tomcat01 local]# startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
3.1.3 动静分离配置
将动态处理请求转发到Tomcat处理
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location ~.*.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.179.124:8080; '指向Tomcat服务器地址'
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@nginx html]# vim index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>静态页面</title> '修改标题'
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> '设置支持中文字符集'
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>静态网站</h1> '修改内容主题'
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>这是一个静态网页.</em></p> '设置页尾内容'
</body>
</html>
[root@nginx html]# service nginx stop
[root@nginx html]# service nginx start
Tomcat服务器添加动态网页
[root@tomcat01 local]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@tomcat01 webapps]# mkdir test
[root@tomcat01 webapps]# vim test/index.jsp
<!DOCTYPE html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>动态页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>这是一个动态页面</div>
</body>
</html>
3.1.4 nginx处理静态图片,Tomcat处理动态页面配置
Tomcat配置
[root@tomcat01 webapps]# vim test/index.jsp
</head>
<body>
<div>tomcat01动态页面</div>
<img src='flower.jpg'> '添加图片路径'
</body>
</html>
nginx配置
[root@nginx html]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location ~.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ { '添加此段内容,匹配这些类型的文件'
root html; 'html站点目录'
expires 30d; '缓存时间30天'
}
[root@nginx html]# mv flower.jpg test
3.2 负载均衡配置
3.2.1 配置Tomcat02,与01相同
3.2.2 Nginx服务器配置
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
...
#gzip on;
upstream tomcatserver { '添加轮询方式'
server 192.168.179.124:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.179.125:8080 weight=1;
}
...
location ~.*.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://tomcatserver; '将匹配到的动态处理交由tomcatserver内的服务器处理'
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
...
[root@nginx ~]# service nginx stop
[root@nginx ~]# service nginx start
3.2.3测试
再次访问此时两台Tomcat服务器轮询处理动态请求