Nginx解决网站跨域问题

什么是网站跨域问题

当浏览器请求访问页面时，页面中请求的ajax地址如果和页面请求的地址域名、端口、协议不同的话，浏览器会采用安全策略，请求能够正常的到达服务器端，但是无法获取响应结果。

跨域问题的遇到场景

实际开发中前后端分离

网站跨域问题的解决方案

1. 响应头设置允许跨域访问，response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");*表示允许所有的ip
2. 使用jsonp解决网站跨域访问。缺点：只支持get请求，本质模拟了script脚本提交
3. 使用HttpClient实现转发。缺点：需要发送两次请求
4. 使用Nginx搭建API网关，保持域名和端口一致。配置location位置
5. 使用微服务中的Zuul网关

方案一（通过设置响应头）

==============A项目(http://127.0.0.1:8080)================
$(document).ready(function() {
   $.ajax({
      type : "POST",
      async : false,
      url : "http://127.0.0.1:8081/getBInfo",
      dataType : "json",
      success : function(data) {
         alert(data["retCode"]);
      },
      error : function() {
         alert('fail');
      }
   });
});

===============B项目(http://127.0.0.1:8081)================
@RequestMapping("/getBInfo")
public Map<String, Object> getBInfo(HttpServletResponse response) {
    System.out.println(">>>>>>B项目getBInfo>>>>>>");
    // 告诉客户端（浏览器 ）允许跨域访问 *表示所有域名都是可以 在公司中正常的代码应该放入在过滤器中
    response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    result.put("retCode", "200");
    result.put("retMsg", "登陆成功");
    return result;
}

方案二（使用jsonp）

===============A项目(http://127.0.0.1:8080)================
$(document).ready(function() {
   $.ajax({
      type : "POST",
      async : false,
      url : "http://127.0.0.1:8081/getBInfo",
      dataType : "jsonp",
      jsonp:"jsonpCallback",
      jsonpCallback:"callback",
      success : function(data) {
         alert(data["retCode"]);
      },
      error : function() {
         alert('fail');
      }
   });
});

===============B项目(http://127.0.0.1:8081)================
@RequestMapping("/getBInfo")
public void getBInfo(HttpServletResponse response, String jsonpCallback)
        throws IOException {
    JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
    result.put("retCode", "200");
    result.put("retMsg", "登陆成功");
    PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
    writer.println(jsonpCallback + "(" + result.toJSONString() + ")");
    writer.close();
    // 127.0.0.1:8081?jsonpCallback=256163154
    // B项目返回结果集 256163154(jsonObject)
}

方案三（通过HttpClient）

===============A项目(http://127.0.0.1:8080)================
$(document).ready(function() {
   $.ajax({
      type : "POST",
      async : false,
      url : "http://127.0.0.1:8080/forWardB",
      dataType : "json",
      success : function(data) {
         alert(data["retCode"]);
      },
      error : function() {
         alert('fail');
      }
   });
});
// 使用HttpClient进行方法B接口，该接口的ip地址为127.0.0.1:8080
@RequestMapping("/forWardB")
@ResponseBody
public JSONObject forWardB() {
    // 中间采用rpc httpClient技术调用接口。服务器与服务器之间不存在跨域问题
    JSONObject result = HttpClientUtils.httpGet("http://127.0.0.1:8081/getBInfo");
    return result;
}

===============B项目(http://127.0.0.1:8081)================
@RequestMapping("/getBInfo")
@ResponseBody
public Map<String, Object> getBInfo(HttpServletResponse response) {
    System.out.println(">>>>>>B项目getBInfo>>>>>>");
    Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    result.put("retCode", "200");
    result.put("retMsg", "登陆成功");
    return result;
}

HttpClient类

public class HttpClientUtils {
   private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtils.class); // 日志记录
   private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
   static {
      // 设置请求和传输超时时间
      requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(2000).setConnectTimeout(2000).build();
   }

   /**
    * post请求传输json参数
    * @param url地址
    * @param jsonParam  参数
    * @return
    */
   public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, JSONObject jsonParam) {
      // post请求返回结果
      CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
      JSONObject jsonResult = null;
      HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
      // 设置请求和传输超时时间
      httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
      try {
         if (null != jsonParam) {
            // 解决中文乱码问题
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");
            entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            entity.setContentType("application/json");
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
         }
         CloseableHttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
         // 请求发送成功，并得到响应
         if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            String str = "";
            try {
               // 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据
               str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "utf-8");
               // 把json字符串转换成json对象
               jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(str);
            } catch (Exception e) {
               logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
            }
         }
      } catch (IOException e) {
         logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
      } finally {
         httpPost.releaseConnection();
      }
      return jsonResult;
   }


   /**
    * post请求传输String参数 例如：name=Jack&sex=1&type=2
    * Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    * @param url 地址
    * @param strParam  参数
    * @return
    */
   public static JSONObject httpPost(String url, String strParam) {
      // post请求返回结果
      CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
      JSONObject jsonResult = null;
      HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
      httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
      try {
         if (null != strParam) {
            // 解决中文乱码问题
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(strParam, "utf-8");
            entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            entity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
         }
         CloseableHttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
         // 请求发送成功，并得到响应
         if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            String str = "";
            try {
               // 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据
               str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity(), "utf-8");
               // 把json字符串转换成json对象
               jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(str);
            } catch (Exception e) {
               logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
            }
         }
      } catch (IOException e) {
         logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);
      } finally {
         httpPost.releaseConnection();
      }
      return jsonResult;
   }

   /**
    * 发送get请求
    * @param url  路径
    * @return
    */
   public static JSONObject httpGet(String url) {
      // get请求返回结果
      JSONObject jsonResult = null;
      CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
      // 发送get请求
      HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);
      request.setConfig(requestConfig);
      try {
         CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
         // 请求发送成功，并得到响应
         if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            // 读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
            // 把json字符串转换成json对象
            jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(strResult);
         } else {
            logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url);
         }
      } catch (IOException e) {
         logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url, e);
      } finally {
         request.releaseConnection();
      }
      return jsonResult;
   }
}

方案四（使用Nginx搭建网关）

==================本地计算的host文件=====================
127.0.0.01 api.mayikt.com
=============Nginx的配置文件conf===============
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    location /mayikt-a/{
        proxy_pass http://192.168.18.190:8080/;# 8080后不加/，项目路径中必须有mayikt-a，所以不要省略
        index index.html index.htm;
    }
    location /mayikt-b/{
        proxy_pass http://192.168.18.190:8081/;
        index index.html index.htm;
    }
}

===============A项目(http://192.168.18.190:8080)================
$(document).ready(function() {
   $.ajax({
      type : "POST",
      async : false,
      url : "http://api.mayikt.com/mayikt-b/getInfo",
      dataType : "json",
      success : function(data) {
         alert(data["retCode"]);
      },
      error : function() {
         alert('fail');
      }
   });
});
===============B项目(http://192.168.18.190:8081)================
@RequestMapping("/getBInfo")
@ResponseBody
public Map<String, Object> getBInfo(HttpServletResponse response) {
    System.out.println(">>>>>>B项目getBInfo>>>>>>");
    Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    result.put("retCode", "200");
    result.put("retMsg", "登陆成功");
    return result;
}