设计模式之备忘录模式

备忘录模式（Memento）

在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。

适用的应用场景：后悔药、游戏存档、数据库的事务管理。

具体实现

1. 创建 Memento 类。

   public class Memento {
      private String state;
    
      public Memento(String state){
         this.state = state;
      }
    
      public String getState(){
         return state;
      }  
   }
   

2. 创建 Originator 类

   public class Originator {
      private String state;
    
      public void setState(String state){
         this.state = state;
      }
    
      public String getState(){
         return state;
      }
    
      public Memento saveStateToMemento(){
         return new Memento(state);
      }
    
      public void getStateFromMemento(Memento Memento){
         state = Memento.getState();
      }
   }
   
   

3. 创建 CareTaker 类。

   public class CareTaker {
      private List<Memento> mementoList = new ArrayList<Memento>();
    
      public void add(Memento state){
         mementoList.add(state);
      }
    
      public Memento get(int index){
         return mementoList.get(index);
      }
   }
   

4. 使用 CareTaker 和 Originator 对象

   public class MementoPatternDemo {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
         Originator originator = new Originator();
         CareTaker careTaker = new CareTaker();
         originator.setState("State #1");
         originator.setState("State #2");
         careTaker.add(originator.saveStateToMemento());
         originator.setState("State #3");
         careTaker.add(originator.saveStateToMemento());
         originator.setState("State #4");
    
         System.out.println("Current State: " + originator.getState());    
         originator.getStateFromMemento(careTaker.get(0));
         System.out.println("First saved State: " + originator.getState());
         originator.getStateFromMemento(careTaker.get(1));
         System.out.println("Second saved State: " + originator.getState());
      }
   }