random定义随机漫步的类，并使用matplotlib绘制图

零、背景前言

        在自然界、物理学、生物学、化学和经济领域，随机漫步都有其实际用途。

        例如，漂浮在水滴上的花粉因不断受到水分子的挤压而在水面上移动。水滴中的分子运动是随机的，因此花粉在水面上的运动路径犹如随机漫步。

        我们稍后编写的代码将模拟现实世界的很多情形。

一、定义随机漫步的类 

from random import choice


class RandomWalk:
    """A class to generate random walks."""

    def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
        """Initialize attributes of a walk."""
        self.num_points = num_points

        # All walks start at (0, 0).
        self.x_values = [0]
        self.y_values = [0]
        
    def get_step(self):
        """定义漫步的距离和方向"""
        direction = choice([-1,1])
        distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
        step = direction * distance
        return step

 
    def fill_walk(self):
        """Calculate all the points in the walk."""
        # Keep taking steps until the walk reaches the desired length.
        while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:

            # Decide which direction to go, and how far to go.
            x_step = self.get_step()
            y_step = self.get_step()

            # Reject moves that go nowhere.
            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue

            # Calculate the new position.
            x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
            y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step

            self.x_values.append(x)
            self.y_values.append(y)

二、导入类，绘制随机漫步图 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from random_walk import RandomWalk

# Keep making new walks, as long as the program is active.
while True:
    # Make a random walk.
    rw = RandomWalk(5_000)
    rw.fill_walk()

    # Plot the points in the walk.
    plt.style.use('classic')
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    ax.plot(rw.x_values, rw.y_values,linewidth=1)
    
    # 散点图
    # point_numbers = range(rw.num_points)
    # ax.sactter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values,c=point_numbers,cmap=plt.cm.Blues,linewidth=1)
    
    
    ax.set_aspect('equal')

    # Emphasize the first and last points.
    ax.scatter(0, 0, c='green', edgecolors='none', s=100)
    # 实参edgecolors='none' 以删除每个点周围的轮廓
    ax.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolors='none',
        s=100)

    # Remove the axes.
    ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
    ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
    
    plt.show()

    keep_running = input("Make another walk? (y/n): ")
    if keep_running == 'n':
        break

附录：

1、continue语句的用法

学习资料：

《Python编程：从入门到实践（第2版）》 ([美]埃里克·马瑟斯（Eric Matthes）) 

章节：15.2