零、背景前言
在自然界、物理学、生物学、化学和经济领域,随机漫步都有其实际用途。
例如,漂浮在水滴上的花粉因不断受到水分子的挤压而在水面上移动。水滴中的分子运动是随机的,因此花粉在水面上的运动路径犹如随机漫步。
我们稍后编写的代码将模拟现实世界的很多情形。
一、定义随机漫步的类
from random import choice
class RandomWalk:
"""A class to generate random walks."""
def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
"""Initialize attributes of a walk."""
self.num_points = num_points
# All walks start at (0, 0).
self.x_values = [0]
self.y_values = [0]
def get_step(self):
"""定义漫步的距离和方向"""
direction = choice([-1,1])
distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
step = direction * distance
return step
def fill_walk(self):
"""Calculate all the points in the walk."""
# Keep taking steps until the walk reaches the desired length.
while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
# Decide which direction to go, and how far to go.
x_step = self.get_step()
y_step = self.get_step()
# Reject moves that go nowhere.
if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
continue
# Calculate the new position.
x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step
self.x_values.append(x)
self.y_values.append(y)
二、导入类,绘制随机漫步图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from random_walk import RandomWalk
# Keep making new walks, as long as the program is active.
while True:
# Make a random walk.
rw = RandomWalk(5_000)
rw.fill_walk()
# Plot the points in the walk.
plt.style.use('classic')
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(rw.x_values, rw.y_values,linewidth=1)
# 散点图
# point_numbers = range(rw.num_points)
# ax.sactter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values,c=point_numbers,cmap=plt.cm.Blues,linewidth=1)
ax.set_aspect('equal')
# Emphasize the first and last points.
ax.scatter(0, 0, c='green', edgecolors='none', s=100)
# 实参edgecolors='none' 以删除每个点周围的轮廓
ax.scatter(rw.x_values[-1], rw.y_values[-1], c='red', edgecolors='none',
s=100)
# Remove the axes.
ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
ax.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
plt.show()
keep_running = input("Make another walk? (y/n): ")
if keep_running == 'n':
break
附录:
1、continue语句的用法
学习资料:
《Python编程:从入门到实践(第2版)》 ([美]埃里克·马瑟斯(Eric Matthes))
章节:15.2