web三大组建：Servlet Listener Filter

Servlet Listener Filter 为web项目的三大组件！！！
Listener Filter 和Servlet一样，都是一样套路的配置与使用！！！

注意：配置文件标签往往有顺序要求 （程序执行的顺序）
web.xml文件中的配置顺序必须是：Filter ⇒ Listener ⇒ Servlet
【且连过滤相同路径的Filter执行顺序都是按web.xml中配置的顺序执行的！！！】

Servlet

注意：servlet中/表示 http://ip:端口号/工程名/ （所以servlet路径要使用 / ）

ServletContext对象只有一个，始于web项目启动、终于web项目停止🛑
ServletContext对象还能获取项目地址

监听器Listener

public class AdminListener implements ServletContextListener,
        HttpSessionListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener {

    // Public constructor is required by servlet spec
    public AdminListener() {
        System.out.println("start listening");
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // ServletContextListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
      /* This method is called when the servlet context is
         initialized(when the Web application is deployed).
         You can initialize servlet context related data here.
      */
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
      /* This method is invoked when the Servlet Context
         (the Web application) is undeployed or
         Application Server shuts down.
      */
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // HttpSessionListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        /* Session is created. */
    }

    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        /* Session is destroyed. */
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // HttpSessionAttributeListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------

    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
      /* This method is called when an attribute 
         is added to a session.
      */
        Object user = sbe.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        if (user != null && ((User)user).getUsername().equalsIgnoreCase("admin")){
            System.out.println("welcome admin");
        }
    }

    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
      /* This method is called when an attribute
         is removed from a session.
      */
    }

    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {
      /* This method is invoked when an attribute
         is replaced in a session.
      */
    }
}

    <!--listener-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.neuq.Listener.AdminListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

过滤器Filter

FilterConfig 和 ServletConfig 一个道理使用

public class LoginFilter implements javax.servlet.Filter {
    public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("program enter Filter");
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = ((HttpServletRequest ) req).getSession();
        if (session.getAttribute("user") == null){
            //If the user has not logged in
            ((HttpServletResponse) resp).sendRedirect("/bookstore/pages/user/login.html");
        }else {
            //has logged in , program continue
            System.out.println("pass through filter");
            //必须要有doFilter,保证程序继续运行！！！
            chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        }
    }

    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Filter has finished");
    }

}

    <!--filter-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>LoginFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.neuq.Filter.LoginFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!--filter has not only one url-pattern-->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>LoginFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/pages/cart/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>LoginFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/pages/manager/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

Filter简化事务操作：

/**
     * 由于事务问题 每个操作方法都需要try catch
     * 利用Filter将是事务操作的servlet中的异常全部抛给Filter做事务的统一处理
     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain){

        try {
            chain.doFilter(req, resp);
            MyBatisUtils.commitAndClose();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            MyBatisUtils.rollbackAndClose();
            e.printStackTrace();
            //注意 必须是运行时异常才能抛出 (子类不能抛出比父类多的编译时异常)
            throw new RuntimeException(e);//把异常抛给Tomcat服务器 统一展示错误页面
        }
    }