距发射机100m,200m,1km和2km处分别得到接收功率的测量值。测量值分别为-0dBm,-25dBm,-35dBm,-38dBm。假定这些测量的路径损耗符合对数阴影正态模型,则在 d0=100m 处:
1)求对于路径损耗指数n的最小均方误差估计(MMSE);
2)计算标准偏差;
3)运用结果模型估计d=2KM处的接收功率;
4)预测2km处电平大于-35dBm 的概率。
(a)
∵
P
L
(
d
)
[
d
B
]
=
P
L
‾
(
d
)
+
X
σ
=
P
L
‾
(
d
)
+
10
n
log
(
d
d
0
)
+
X
σ
\because PL\left( d \right) \left[ dB \right] =\overline{PL}\left( d \right) +X_{\sigma}=\overline{PL}\left( d \right) +10n\log \left( \frac{d}{d_0} \right) +X_{\sigma}
∵PL(d)[dB]=PL(d)+Xσ=PL(d)+10nlog(d0d)+Xσ
∴
P
L
(
100
)
[
d
B
]
=
P
L
‾
(
100
)
+
10
n
log
(
100
100
)
+
X
σ
\therefore PL\left( 100 \right) \left[ dB \right] =\overline{PL}\left( 100 \right) +10n\log \left( \frac{100}{100} \right) +X_{\sigma}
∴PL(100)[dB]=PL(100)+10nlog(100100)+Xσ
P
L
(
200
)
[
d
B
]
=
P
L
‾
(
100
)
+
10
n
log
(
200
100
)
+
X
σ
PL\left( 200 \right) \left[ dB \right] =\overline{PL}\left( 100 \right) +10n\log \left( \frac{200}{100} \right) +X_{\sigma}
PL(200)[dB]=PL(100)+10nlog(100200)+Xσ
P
L
(
1000
)
[
d
B
]
=
P
L
‾
(
100
)
+
10
n
log
(
1000
100
)
+
X
σ
PL\left( 1000 \right) \left[ dB \right] =\overline{PL}\left( 100 \right) +10n\log \left( \frac{1000}{100} \right) +X_{\sigma}
PL(1000)[dB]=PL(100)+10nlog(1001000)+Xσ
P
L
(
2000
)
[
d
B
]
=
P
L
‾
(
100
)
+
10
n
log
(
2000
100
)
+
X
σ
PL\left( 2000 \right) \left[ dB \right] =\overline{PL}\left( 100 \right) +10n\log \left( \frac{2000}{100} \right) +X_{\sigma}
PL(2000)[dB]=PL(100)+10nlog(1002000)+Xσ
∴
J
(
n
)
=
(
0
−
0
)
2
+
(
−
25
−
(
−
3
n
)
)
2
+
(
−
35
−
(
−
10
n
)
)
2
+
(
−
38
−
(
−
13
n
)
)
2
\therefore J\left( n \right) =\left( 0-0 \right) ^2+\left( -25-\left( -3n \right) \right) ^2+\left( -35-\left( -10n \right) \right) ^2+\left( -38-\left( -13n \right) \right) ^2
∴J(n)=(0−0)2+(−25−(−3n))2+(−35−(−10n))2+(−38−(−13n))2
=
(
3
n
−
25
)
2
+
(
10
n
−
35
)
2
+
(
13
n
−
38
)
2
=
278
n
2
−
1838
n
+
3294
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ =\left( 3n-25 \right) ^2+\left( 10n-35 \right) ^2+\left( 13n-38 \right) ^2=278n^2-1838n+3294
=(3n−25)2+(10n−35)2+(13n−38)2=278n2−1838n+3294
∴
d
J
(
n
)
d
n
=
556
n
−
1838
=
0
,
n
=
3.3
\therefore \frac{dJ\left( n \right)}{dn}=556n-1838=0\text{,}n=3.3
∴dndJ(n)=556n−1838=0,n=3.3
(b)
均方差为
σ
2
=
J
(
n
)
4
,
将
n
带入
J
(
n
)
得到
J
(
n
)
=
278
×
3.
3
2
−
1838
×
3.3
+
3294
=
256.02
\text{均方差为}\sigma ^2=\frac{J\left( n \right)}{4},\text{将}n\text{带入}J\left( n \right) \text{得到}J\left( n \right) =278\times 3.3^2-1838\times 3.3+3294=256.02
均方差为σ2=4J(n),将n带入J(n)得到J(n)=278×3.32−1838×3.3+3294=256.02
∴
σ
2
=
256.02
/
4
=
64.005
,
σ
=
8
d
B
\therefore \sigma ^2=256.02/4=64.005,\sigma =8dB
∴σ2=256.02/4=64.005,σ=8dB
(c)
d
=
2
k
m
处接收功率估计值为:
d=2km\text{处接收功率估计值为:}
d=2km处接收功率估计值为:
B
(
d
=
2
k
m
)
=
0
−
10
×
(
3.3
)
log
(
2000
100
)
=
−
43
d
B
m
B\left( d=2km \right) =0-10\times \left( 3.3 \right) \log \left( \frac{2000}{100} \right) =-43dBm
B(d=2km)=0−10×(3.3)log(1002000)=−43dBm
(d)
d
=
2
k
m
处接收功率估计值为:
d=2km\text{处接收功率估计值为:}
d=2km处接收功率估计值为:
P
r
(
P
r
(
2
k
m
)
>
−
35
d
B
)
=
Q
(
−
35
−
P
r
‾
(
2
k
m
)
8
d
B
)
P_r\left( P_r\left( 2km \right) >-35dB \right) =Q\left( \frac{-35-\overline{P_r}\left( 2km \right)}{8dB} \right)
Pr(Pr(2km)>−35dB)=Q(8dB−35−Pr(2km))