Yarn基础架构
YARN主要由ResourceManager、NodeManager、ApplicationMaster、Container等组件构成
YARN基础架构
YARN工作机制
（1）MR 程序提交到客户端所在的节点。
（2）YarnRunner 向 ResourceManager 申请一个 Application。
（3）RM 将该应用程序的资源路径返回给 YarnRunner。
（4）该程序将运行所需资源提交到 HDFS 上。
（5）程序资源提交完毕后，申请运行 mrAppMaster。
（6）RM 将用户的请求初始化成一个 Task。
（7）其中一个 NodeManager 领取到 Task 任务。
（8）该 NodeManager 创建容器 Container，并产生 MRAppmaster。
（9）Container 从 HDFS 上拷贝资源到本地。
（10）MRAppmaster 向 RM 申请运行 MapTask 资源。
（11）RM 将运行 MapTask 任务分配给另外两个 NodeManager，另两个 NodeManager 分别领取任务并创建容器。
（12）MR 向两个接收到任务的 NodeManager 发送程序启动脚本，这两个 NodeManager分别启动 MapTask，MapTask 对数据分区排序。
（13）MrAppMaster等待所有MapTask运行完毕后，向RM申请容器，运行ReduceTask。
（14）ReduceTask 向 MapTask 获取相应分区的数据。
（15）程序运行完毕后，MR 会向 RM 申请注销自己。
作业提交过程详解
（1）作业提交
第 1 步：Client 调用 job.waitForCompletion 方法，向整个集群提交 MapReduce 作业。
第 2 步：Client 向 RM 申请一个作业 id。
第 3 步：RM 给 Client 返回该 job 资源的提交路径和作业 id。
第 4 步：Client 提交 jar 包、切片信息和配置文件到指定的资源提交路径。
第 5 步：Client 提交完资源后，向 RM 申请运行 MrAppMaster。
（2）作业初始化
第 6 步：当 RM 收到 Client 的请求后，将该 job 添加到容量调度器中。
第 7 步：某一个空闲的 NM 领取到该 Job。
第 8 步：该 NM 创建 Container，并产生 MRAppmaster。
第 9 步：下载 Client 提交的资源到本地。
（3）任务分配
第 10 步：MrAppMaster 向 RM 申请运行多个 MapTask 任务资源。
第 11 步：RM 将运行 MapTask 任务分配给另外两个 NodeManager，另两个 NodeManager分别领取任务并创建容器。
（4）任务运行
第 12 步：MR 向两个接收到任务的 NodeManager 发送程序启动脚本，这两个NodeManager 分别启动 MapTask，MapTask 对数据分区排序。
第13步：MrAppMaster等待所有MapTask运行完毕后，向RM申请容器，运行ReduceTask。
第 14 步：ReduceTask 向 MapTask 获取相应分区的数据。
第 15 步：程序运行完毕后，MR 会向 RM 申请注销自己。
（5）进度和状态更新
YARN 中的任务将其进度和状态(包括 counter)返回给应用管理器, 客户端每秒(通过
mapreduce.client.progressmonitor.pollinterval 设置)向应用管理器请求进度更新, 展示给用户。
（6）作业完成
除了向应用管理器请求作业进度外, 客户端每 5 秒都会通过调用 waitForCompletion()来检查作业是否完成。时间间隔可以通过 mapreduce.client.completion.pollinterval 来设置。作业完成之后, 应用管理器和 Container 会清理工作状态。作业的信息会被作业历史服务器存储以备之后用户核查。
Yarn调度器和调度算法
目前，Hadoop 作业调度器主要有三种：FIFO、容量（Capacity Scheduler）和公平（FairScheduler）。Apache Hadoop3.1.3 默认的资源调度器是 Capacity Scheduler。
CDH 框架默认调度器是 Fair Scheduler。
FIFO（先进先出调度器——一般不用）
优点：简单易懂；
缺点：不支持多队列，生产环境很少使用；
容量调度器——Capacity Scheduler
Capacity Scheduler 是 Yahoo 开发的多用户调度器。
容量调度器资源分配算法
公平调度器——Fair Scheduler
Fair Schedulere 是 Facebook 开发的多用户调度器。
特点
缺额
公平调度器资源分配算法
3 ）DRF 策略
DRF（Dominant Resource Fairness），我们之前说的资源，都是单一标准，例如只考虑内存（是Yarn默认的情况）。但是很多时候我们资源有很多种，例如内存，CPU，网络带宽等，这样我很难衡量两个应用应该分配的资源比例。
那么在YARN中，我们用DRF来决定如何调度：
假设集群一共有100 CPU和10T 内存，而应用A需要（2 CPU, 300GB），应用B需要（6 CPU，100GB）。则两个应用分别需要A（2%CPU, 3%内存）和B（6%CPU, 1%内存）的资源，这就意味着A是内存主导的, B是CPU主导的，针对这种情况，我们可以选择DRF策略对不同应用进行不同资源（CPU和内存）的一个不同比例的限制。
Yarn常用命令
yarn application -list 列出所有Application
根据Application状态过滤(所有状态：ALL、NEW、NEW_SAVING、SUBMITTED、ACCEPTED、RUNNING、FINISHED、FAILED、KILLED)
yarn application -list -appStates FINISHED
杀掉Application
yarn appliaction -kill <application_Id>
yarn logs查看日志
yarn logs -applicationId <ApplicationId>
查询Container日志
yarn logs -applicationId <ApplicationId> -containerId <ContainerId>(ContainerId从下面的命令可以获取)
yarn applicationattempt 查看尝试运行的任务
yarn applicationattempt -list <ApplicationId>
打印ApplicationAttempt状态
yarn applicationattempt -status <ApplicationAttemptId>
yarn container 查看容器
列出所有Container
yarn container -list <ApplicationAttemptId>
打印Container状态
yarn container -status <ContainerId>(需要任务运行的过程中才能看到状态)
yarn node 查看节点状态
列出所有节点：yarn node -list -all
yarn rmadmin 更新配置
加载队列配置：yarn rmadmin -refreshQueues
yarn queue 查看队列
yarn queue -status <QueueName>
Yarn生产环境核心参数
容量调度器多队列提交
配置多队列的容量调度器
修改capacity-scheduler.xml
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<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.maximum-applications</name>
<value>10000</value>
<description>
Maximum number of applications that can be pending and running.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.maximum-am-resource-percent</name>
<value>0.1</value>
<description>
Maximum percent of resources in the cluster which can be used to run
application masters i.e. controls number of concurrent running
applications.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.resource-calculator</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.util.resource.DefaultResourceCalculator</value>
<description>
The ResourceCalculator implementation to be used to compare
Resources in the scheduler.
The default i.e. DefaultResourceCalculator only uses Memory while
DominantResourceCalculator uses dominant-resource to compare
multi-dimensional resources such as Memory, CPU etc.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.queues</name>
<value>default,hive</value>
<description>
The queues at the this level (root is the root queue).
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.capacity</name>
<value>40</value>
<description>Default queue target capacity.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.capacity</name>
<value>60</value>
<description>Default queue target capacity.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.user-limit-factor</name>
<value>1</value>
<description>
Default queue user limit a percentage from 0.0 to 1.0.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.user-limit-factor</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.maximum-capacity</name>
<value>60</value>
<description>
The maximum capacity of the default queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.maximum-capacity</name>
<value>80</value>
<description>
The maximum capacity of the hive queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.state</name>
<value>RUNNING</value>
<description>
The state of the default queue. State can be one of RUNNING or STOPPED.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.state</name>
<value>RUNNING</value>
<description>
The state of the hive queue. State can be one of RUNNING or STOPPED.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.acl_submit_applications</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>
The ACL of who can submit jobs to the default queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.acl_submit_applications</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>
The ACL of who can submit jobs to the hive queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.acl_administer_queue</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>
The ACL of who can administer jobs on the default queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.acl_administer_queue</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>
The ACL of who can administer jobs on the hive queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.acl_application_max_priority</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>
The ACL of who can submit applications with configured priority.
For e.g, [user={name} group={name} max_priority={priority} default_priority={priority}]
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.acl_application_max_priority</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>
The ACL of who can submit applications with configured priority.
For e.g, [user={name} group={name} max_priority={priority} default_priority={priority}]
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.maximum-application-lifetime
</name>
<value>-1</value>
<description>
Maximum lifetime of an application which is submitted to a queue
in seconds. Any value less than or equal to zero will be considered as
disabled.
This will be a hard time limit for all applications in this
queue. If positive value is configured then any application submitted
to this queue will be killed after exceeds the configured lifetime.
User can also specify lifetime per application basis in
application submission context. But user lifetime will be
overridden if it exceeds queue maximum lifetime. It is point-in-time
configuration.
Note : Configuring too low value will result in killing application
sooner. This feature is applicable only for leaf queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.maximum-application-lifetime
</name>
<value>-1</value>
<description>
Maximum lifetime of an application which is submitted to a queue
in seconds. Any value less than or equal to zero will be considered as
disabled.
This will be a hard time limit for all applications in this
queue. If positive value is configured then any application submitted
to this queue will be killed after exceeds the configured lifetime.
User can also specify lifetime per application basis in
application submission context. But user lifetime will be
overridden if it exceeds queue maximum lifetime. It is point-in-time
configuration.
Note : Configuring too low value will result in killing application
sooner. This feature is applicable only for leaf queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.default-application-lifetime
</name>
<value>-1</value>
<description>
Default lifetime of an application which is submitted to a queue
in seconds. Any value less than or equal to zero will be considered as
disabled.
If the user has not submitted application with lifetime value then this
value will be taken. It is point-in-time configuration.
Note : Default lifetime can't exceed maximum lifetime. This feature is
applicable only for leaf queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.default-application-lifetime
</name>
<value>-1</value>
<description>
Default lifetime of an application which is submitted to a queue
in seconds. Any value less than or equal to zero will be considered as
disabled.
If the user has not submitted application with lifetime value then this
value will be taken. It is point-in-time configuration.
Note : Default lifetime can't exceed maximum lifetime. This feature is
applicable only for leaf queue.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.node-locality-delay</name>
<value>40</value>
<description>
Number of missed scheduling opportunities after which the CapacityScheduler
attempts to schedule rack-local containers.
When setting this parameter, the size of the cluster should be taken into account.
We use 40 as the default value, which is approximately the number of nodes in one rack.
Note, if this value is -1, the locality constraint in the container request
will be ignored, which disables the delay scheduling.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.rack-locality-additional-delay</name>
<value>-1</value>
<description>
Number of additional missed scheduling opportunities over the node-locality-delay
ones, after which the CapacityScheduler attempts to schedule off-switch containers,
instead of rack-local ones.
Example: with node-locality-delay=40 and rack-locality-delay=20, the scheduler will
attempt rack-local assignments after 40 missed opportunities, and off-switch assignments
after 40+20=60 missed opportunities.
When setting this parameter, the size of the cluster should be taken into account.
We use -1 as the default value, which disables this feature. In this case, the number
of missed opportunities for assigning off-switch containers is calculated based on
the number of containers and unique locations specified in the resource request,
as well as the size of the cluster.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.queue-mappings</name>
<value></value>
<description>
A list of mappings that will be used to assign jobs to queues
The syntax for this list is [u|g]:[name]:[queue_name][,next mapping]*
Typically this list will be used to map users to queues,
for example, u:%user:%user maps all users to queues with the same name
as the user.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.queue-mappings-override.enable</name>
<value>false</value>
<description>
If a queue mapping is present, will it override the value specified
by the user? This can be used by administrators to place jobs in queues
that are different than the one specified by the user.
The default is false.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.per-node-heartbeat.maximum-offswitch-assignments</name>
<value>1</value>
<description>
Controls the number of OFF_SWITCH assignments allowed
during a node's heartbeat. Increasing this value can improve
scheduling rate for OFF_SWITCH containers. Lower values reduce
"clumping" of applications on particular nodes. The default is 1.
Legal values are 1-MAX_INT. This config is refreshable.
</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.application.fail-fast</name>
<value>false</value>
<description>
Whether RM should fail during recovery if previous applications'
queue is no longer valid.
</description>
</property>
</configuration>
刷新队列
yarn rmadmin -refreshQueues
向Hive队列提交任务
hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.1.3.jar wordcount -Dmapreduce.job.queuename=hive /input /output
打Jar包的方式，默认的任务提交都是提交到default队列的。如果希望向其他队列提交任务，需要在Driver中声明
任务优先级
容量调度器，支持任务优先级的配置，在资源紧张时，优先级高的任务将优先获取资源。
默认情况，Yarn 将所有任务的优先级限制为 0，若想使用任务的优先级功能，须开放该限制。
修改yarn-site.xml文件，增加以下参数
<property>
<name>yarn.cluster.max-application-priority</name>
<value>5</value>
</property>模拟资源紧张环境
hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.1.3.jar pi 5 2000000
可连续提交，直到申请不到资源
无空余资源运行了
再次重新提交优先级高的任务
hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.1.3.jar pi -Dmapreduce.job.priority=5 5 2000000
可以看到优先级高的先获取到资源执行
也可以通过以下命令修改正在执行的任务的优先级
yarn application -appID <ApplicationID> -updatePriority 优先级
yarn application -appIDapplication_1611133087930_0009 -updatePriority 5
公平调度器案例
创建两个队列，分别是 test 和 atguigu（以用户所属组命名）。期望实现以下效果：若用户提交任务时指定队列，则任务提交到指定队列运行；若未指定队列，test 用户提交的任务root.group.test 队列运行，atguigu 提交的任务到 root.group.atguigu 队列运行（注：group 为用户所属组）。公平调度器的配置涉及到两个文件，一个是 yarn-site.xml，另一个是公平调度器队列分配文件 fair-scheduler.xml（文件名可自定义）。
（1）配置文件参考资料：
https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r3.1.3/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/FairScheduler.html
（2）任务队列放置规则参考资料：
https://blog.cloudera.com/untangling-apache-hadoop-yarn-part-4-fair-scheduler-queue-
basics/
配置多队列的公平调度器
修改yarn-site.xml文件，添加以下参数
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.fair.FairS
cheduler</value>
<description>配置使用公平调度器</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.fair.allocation.file</name>
<value>/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/etc/hadoop/fair-scheduler.xml</value>
<description>指明公平调度器队列分配配置文件</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.fair.preemption</name>
<value>false</value>
<description>禁止队列间资源抢占</description>
</property>配置fair-scheduler.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<allocations>
<!-- 单个队列中 Application Master 占用资源的最大比例,取值 0-1 ，企业一般配置 0.1
-->
<queueMaxAMShareDefault>0.5</queueMaxAMShareDefault>
<!-- 单个队列最大资源的默认值 test atguigu default -->
<queueMaxResourcesDefault>4096mb,4vcores</queueMaxResourcesDefault>
<!-- 增加一个队列 test -->
<queue name="test">
<!-- 队列最小资源 -->
<minResources>2048mb,2vcores</minResources>
<!-- 队列最大资源 -->
<maxResources>4096mb,4vcores</maxResources>
<!-- 队列中最多同时运行的应用数，默认 50，根据线程数配置 -->
<maxRunningApps>4</maxRunningApps>
<!-- 队列中 Application Master 占用资源的最大比例 -->
<maxAMShare>0.5</maxAMShare>
<!-- 该队列资源权重,默认值为 1.0 -->
<weight>1.0</weight>
<!-- 队列内部的资源分配策略 -->
<schedulingPolicy>fair</schedulingPolicy>
</queue>
<!-- 增加一个队列 atguigu -->
<queue name="atguigu" type="parent">
<!-- 队列最小资源 -->
<minResources>2048mb,2vcores</minResources>
<!-- 队列最大资源 -->
<maxResources>4096mb,4vcores</maxResources>
<!-- 队列中最多同时运行的应用数，默认 50，根据线程数配置 -->
<maxRunningApps>4</maxRunningApps>
<!-- 队列中 Application Master 占用资源的最大比例 -->
<maxAMShare>0.5</maxAMShare>
<!-- 该队列资源权重,默认值为 1.0 -->
<weight>1.0</weight>
<!-- 队列内部的资源分配策略 -->
<schedulingPolicy>fair</schedulingPolicy>
</queue>
<!-- 任务队列分配策略,可配置多层规则,从第一个规则开始匹配,直到匹配成功 -->
<queuePlacementPolicy>
<!-- 提交任务时指定队列,如未指定提交队列,则继续匹配下一个规则; false 表示：如果指
定队列不存在,不允许自动创建-->
<rule name="specified" create="false"/>
<!-- 提交到 root.group.username 队列,若 root.group 不存在,不允许自动创建；若
root.group.user 不存在,允许自动创建 -->
<rule name="nestedUserQueue" create="true">
<rule name="primaryGroup" create="false"/>
</rule>
<!-- 最后一个规则必须为 reject 或者 default。Reject 表示拒绝创建提交失败，
default 表示把任务提交到 default 队列 -->
<rule name="reject" />
</queuePlacementPolicy>
</allocations>重启yarn
提交任务
指定队列
hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.1.3.jar pi -Dmapreduce.job.queuename=root.test 1 1
不指定队列
hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.1.3.jar pi 1 1
Yarn的Tool接口
大家先参考另外一篇文章
Windows下搭建环境测试Mapreduce--集群测试_你可以自己看的博客-CSDN博客
执行以下命令
hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop jar wc.jar com.atguigu.mapreduce.wordcount2.WordCountDriver -
Dmapreduce.job.queuename=root.test /input /output1
会发现报错，因为误认为第一个也是输入参数了
所以我们要进行修改，编写Tool接口
创建WordCount
package com.gk.mapreduce.wordcount3;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* create with IntelliJ IDEA
*
* @Project :MapreduceDemo
* @Package :com.gk.mapreduce.wordcount3
* @ClassName :
* @CreateTime :2022/3/2114:59
* @Version :1.0
* @Author :锦林
* @Email :836658031@qq.com
**/
public class WordCount implements Tool {
private Configuration conf;
@Override
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
job.setJarByClass(WordCountDriver.class);
job.setMapperClass(WordCountMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
return job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1;
}
@Override
public void setConf(Configuration configuration) {
this.conf = configuration;
}
@Override
public Configuration getConf() {
return conf;
}
public static class WordCountMapper extends
Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
private Text outK = new Text();
private IntWritable outV = new IntWritable(1);
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value,
Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
String line = value.toString();
String[] words = line.split(" ");
for (String word : words) {
outK.set(word);
context.write(outK, outV);
}
}
}
public static class WordCountReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
private IntWritable outV = new IntWritable();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable>
values, Context context) throws IOException,
InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
for (IntWritable value : values) {
sum += value.get();
}
outV.set(sum);
context.write(key, outV);
}
}
}
创建WordCountDriver
package com.gk.mapreduce.wordcount3;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class WordCountDriver {
private static Tool tool;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 创建配置文件
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
// 2. 判断是否有 tool 接口
switch (args[0]) {
case "wordcount":
tool = new WordCount();
break;
default:
throw new RuntimeException(" No such tool: " +
args[0]);
}
// 3. 用 Tool 执行程序
// Arrays.copyOfRange 将老数组的元素放到新数组里面
int run = ToolRunner.run(conf, tool,
Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 1, args.length));
System.exit(run);
}
}打包提交jar包，按照上述文章的例子操作
然后分别执行两条命令，查看是否有问题
yarn jar YarnDemo.jar com.atguigu.yarn.WordCountDriver wordcount /input /output
yarn jar YarnDemo.jar com.atguigu.yarn.WordCountDriver wordcount -
Dmapreduce.job.queuename=root.test /input /output1
结果如下，队列不同
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