浅谈Spring6之事务(XML方式实现)

如有错误请指正,谢谢

事物：在一个业务流程中，通常需要多条DML(insert delete update)语句共同联合才能完成的，为了保证数据的安全，多条DML语句都必须同时成功，，或同时失败。

事物的四个处理过程：开启事务、执行核心业务代码、提交事务、回滚事务

事务的四个特性：

原子性：事务是最小工作单位，不可再分割

一致性：事务要么同时成功，要么同时失败，事务前和事务后的总量不变

隔离性：事务和事务之间有隔离性，互不干扰

持久性：持久性是事务结束的标志

Spring实现事务的两种方式

编程式事务：编写代码来实现事务的管理

声明式事务*：基于注解的方式、基于xml配置方式

以银行账户转账为案例

数据库表

spring6整合mybatis

pom.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring6-transaction-bank</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <!--    打包方式jar-->
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <!--配置多个仓库 -->
    <repositories>
        <!-- Spring6 -->
        <repository>
            <id>repository.spring.milestone</id>
            <name>Spring Milestone Repository</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <!-- 依赖-->
    <dependencies>
<!--        @Resource注入注解-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.annotation</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.annotation-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入Spring context依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.0-M2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入Spring-jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.0-M2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入mysql驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入mybatis依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--引入mybatis-spring依赖-->
        <!--        -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入德鲁伊连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.15</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring框架对Junit支持的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.0-M2</version>
            <!--6.0.0-M2既支持junit4又支持junit5-->
        </dependency>
        <!--        添加aspectj依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.0-M2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--junit依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <!--所在的目录-->
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <!--包括目录下的.properties .xml文件都会扫描到-->
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

</project>

jdbc.properties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://IP:3306/mysql
jdbc.user= root
jdbc.password= xxxxxx

mybatis-config.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <settings>
        <!-- logImpl设置mybatis输出日志-->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>

    <mappers>
        <package name="com.qgs.dao"/>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

SpringConfig.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
">
        <!--组件扫描-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.qgs"></context:component-scan>
        <!--引入外部文件-->
        <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/>

        <!--声明数据来源-->
        <bean id="dateSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
                <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
        </bean>
        <!--配置SqlSessionFactoryBean-->
        <bean id="factory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
                <!--注入数据源-->
                <property name="dataSource" ref="dateSource"/>
                <!--指定Mybatis-config.xml主配置文件-->
                <property name="configLocation" value="mybatis-config.xml"/>
                <!--注入别名-->
                <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.qgs.pojo"/>
        </bean>
                <!--扫描mapper配置器 SqlSession.Mapper()-->
        <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
                <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="factory"></property>
                <property name="basePackage" value="com.qgs.dao"/>
        </bean>

                <!--事务管理器-->
        <bean id="TransactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
                <property name="dataSource" ref="dateSource"/>
        </bean>
                <!--启动事务注解-->
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="TransactionManager"/>

        <!--    配置通知（增强代码）-->
        <tx:advice id="Advice" transaction-manager="TransactionManager">
                <tx:attributes>
                        <tx:method name="*select*" read-only="true"/>
                        <tx:method name="*find*" read-only="true"/>
                        <tx:method name="*get*" read-only="true"/>
                        <tx:method name="*search*" read-only="true"/>
                        <tx:method name="transfer" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="java.lang.Throwable"/>
                        <tx:method name="*insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*add*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*set*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*change*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*remove*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*drop*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*modify*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
                        <tx:method name="*" propagation="SUPPORTS"/>
                </tx:attributes>
        </tx:advice>

        <!--    配置切面-->
        <aop:config>
                <!--        切点-->
                <aop:pointcut id="Pointcut" expression="execution(* com.qgs.service..*(..))"/>
                <!--        配置切面-->
                <aop:advisor advice-ref="Advice" pointcut-ref="Pointcut"/>
        </aop:config>
</beans>

BankDao接口

public interface BankDao {
    /**
     * 根据账号查询账户信息
     */
    List<Bank> selectAll();

    /**
     * 根据actno查询账户信息
     * @param actno
     * @return
     */
    Bank selectByActno(String actno);
    /**
     * 更新账户信息
     * @param act
     * @return
     */
    int update(Bank act);
}

BankDao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qgs.dao.BankDao">

    <select id="selectAll" resultType="com.qgs.pojo.Bank">
        select * from bank
    </select>

    <select id="selectByActno" resultType="com.qgs.pojo.Bank">
        select actno,balance from bank where actno = #{actno}
    </select>

    <update id="update">
        update bank set  balance=#{balance}  where actno =#{actno}
    </update>
</mapper>

pojo实体类

package com.qgs.pojo;

/**
 * @author QGS
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 2023年03月24日 16:36:58
 * @packageName com.qgs.pojo
 * @className Bank
 * @describe TODO
 */
public class Bank {

    private String actno;
    private Double balance;

    public Bank() {
    }

    public Bank(String actno, Double balance) {
        this.actno = actno;
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public String getActno() {
        return actno;
    }

    public void setActno(String actno) {
        this.actno = actno;
    }

    public Double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void setBalance(Double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Bank{" +
                "actno='" + actno + '\'' +
                ", balance=" + balance +
                '}';
    }
}

BankService 接口
public interface BankService {
    /**
     * 转账方法
     * @param fromActno 转出账户
     * @param toActno 转入账户
     * @param money 金额
     */
    void transfer(String fromActno ,String toActno ,double money);

}

BankService 接口实现类
package com.qgs.service;

import com.qgs.dao.BankDao;
import com.qgs.pojo.Bank;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * @author QGS
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 2023年03月25日 11:15:24
 * @packageName com.qgs.service
 * @className BankServiceImpl
 * @describe TODO
 */

@Service("bankServiceImpl")
public class BankServiceImpl implements BankService{
    @Resource(name ="bankDao")
    private BankDao bankDao;

    @Override
    public void transfer(String fromActno, String toActno, double money) {
        //查询转出账户余额
        Bank fromBank = bankDao.selectByActno(fromActno);
        if (fromBank.getBalance() <money){
            throw new RuntimeException("余额不足");
        }
        //查询转入账户余额
        Bank toBank = bankDao.selectByActno(toActno);

        //将内存中转出与转入账户余额修改
        fromBank.setBalance(fromBank.getBalance() - money);
        toBank.setBalance(toBank.getBalance() + money);

        //更新数据库

        int count = bankDao.update(fromBank);
        int count2 = bankDao.update(toBank);
        count +=count2;

        if (count !=2){
            //回滚事务,转账失败
            throw new RuntimeException("失败");
        }

    }
}

 @Test
    public void BankTest(){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringConfig.xml");
        BankService bankService = applicationContext.getBean("bankServiceImpl", BankService.class);

        try {
            bankService.transfer("act01","act2",300);
            System.out.println("转账成功");
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }