STM32启动文件学习(startup_stm32f40xx.s)

原代码

;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2016 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name          : startup_stm32f40xx.s
;* Author             : MCD Application Team
;* @version           : V1.8.0
;* @date              : 09-November-2016
;* Description        : STM32F40xxx/41xxx devices vector table for MDK-ARM toolchain. 
;*                      Same as startup_stm32f40_41xxx.s and maintained for legacy purpose 
;*                      This module performs:
;*                      - Set the initial SP
;*                      - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;*                      - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;*                      - Configure the system clock and the external SRAM mounted on 
;*                        STM324xG-EVAL board to be used as data memory (optional, 
;*                        to be enabled by user)
;*                      - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;*                        calls main()).
;*                      After Reset the CortexM4 processor is in Thread mode,
;*                      priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>   
;*******************************************************************************
; 
; Licensed under MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2, (the "License");
; You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
; You may obtain a copy of the License at:
; 
;        http://www.st.com/software_license_agreement_liberty_v2
; 
; Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
; distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
; WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
; See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
; limitations under the License.
; 
;*******************************************************************************

; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
;   <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

Stack_Size      EQU     0x00000400

                AREA    STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
Stack_Mem       SPACE   Stack_Size
__initial_sp


; <h> Heap Configuration
;   <o>  Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

Heap_Size       EQU     0x00000200

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size
__heap_limit

                PRESERVE8
                THUMB


; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
                AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY
                EXPORT  __Vectors
                EXPORT  __Vectors_End
                EXPORT  __Vectors_Size

__Vectors       DCD     __initial_sp               ; Top of Stack
                DCD     Reset_Handler              ; Reset Handler
                DCD     NMI_Handler                ; NMI Handler
                DCD     HardFault_Handler          ; Hard Fault Handler
                DCD     MemManage_Handler          ; MPU Fault Handler
                DCD     BusFault_Handler           ; Bus Fault Handler
                DCD     UsageFault_Handler         ; Usage Fault Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     SVC_Handler                ; SVCall Handler
                DCD     DebugMon_Handler           ; Debug Monitor Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     PendSV_Handler             ; PendSV Handler
                DCD     SysTick_Handler            ; SysTick Handler

                ; External Interrupts
                DCD     WWDG_IRQHandler                   ; Window WatchDog                                        
                DCD     PVD_IRQHandler                    ; PVD through EXTI Line detection                        
                DCD     TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler             ; Tamper and TimeStamps through the EXTI line            
                DCD     RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler               ; RTC Wakeup through the EXTI line                       
                DCD     FLASH_IRQHandler                  ; FLASH                                           
                DCD     RCC_IRQHandler                    ; RCC                                             
                DCD     EXTI0_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line0                                             
                DCD     EXTI1_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line1                                             
                DCD     EXTI2_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line2                                             
                DCD     EXTI3_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line3                                             
                DCD     EXTI4_IRQHandler                  ; EXTI Line4                                             
                DCD     DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 0                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 1                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 2                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 3                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 4                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 5                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream 6                                   
                DCD     ADC_IRQHandler                    ; ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3s                            
                DCD     CAN1_TX_IRQHandler                ; CAN1 TX                                                
                DCD     CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler               ; CAN1 RX0                                               
                DCD     CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler               ; CAN1 RX1                                               
                DCD     CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler               ; CAN1 SCE                                               
                DCD     EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                ; External Line[9:5]s                                    
                DCD     TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler          ; TIM1 Break and TIM9                   
                DCD     TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler          ; TIM1 Update and TIM10                 
                DCD     TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler     ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM11
                DCD     TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                ; TIM1 Capture Compare                                   
                DCD     TIM2_IRQHandler                   ; TIM2                                            
                DCD     TIM3_IRQHandler                   ; TIM3                                            
                DCD     TIM4_IRQHandler                   ; TIM4                                            
                DCD     I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                ; I2C1 Event                                             
                DCD     I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                ; I2C1 Error                                             
                DCD     I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                ; I2C2 Event                                             
                DCD     I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                ; I2C2 Error                                               
                DCD     SPI1_IRQHandler                   ; SPI1                                            
                DCD     SPI2_IRQHandler                   ; SPI2                                            
                DCD     USART1_IRQHandler                 ; USART1                                          
                DCD     USART2_IRQHandler                 ; USART2                                          
                DCD     USART3_IRQHandler                 ; USART3                                          
                DCD     EXTI15_10_IRQHandler              ; External Line[15:10]s                                  
                DCD     RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler              ; RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line                  
                DCD     OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler            ; USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line                        
                DCD     TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler         ; TIM8 Break and TIM12                  
                DCD     TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler          ; TIM8 Update and TIM13                 
                DCD     TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler     ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation and TIM14
                DCD     TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                ; TIM8 Capture Compare                                   
                DCD     DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler           ; DMA1 Stream7                                           
                DCD     FSMC_IRQHandler                   ; FSMC                                            
                DCD     SDIO_IRQHandler                   ; SDIO                                            
                DCD     TIM5_IRQHandler                   ; TIM5                                            
                DCD     SPI3_IRQHandler                   ; SPI3                                            
                DCD     UART4_IRQHandler                  ; UART4                                           
                DCD     UART5_IRQHandler                  ; UART5                                           
                DCD     TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler               ; TIM6 and DAC1&2 underrun errors                   
                DCD     TIM7_IRQHandler                   ; TIM7                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 0                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 1                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 2                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 3                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 4                                   
                DCD     ETH_IRQHandler                    ; Ethernet                                        
                DCD     ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler               ; Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line                      
                DCD     CAN2_TX_IRQHandler                ; CAN2 TX                                                
                DCD     CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler               ; CAN2 RX0                                               
                DCD     CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler               ; CAN2 RX1                                               
                DCD     CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler               ; CAN2 SCE                                               
                DCD     OTG_FS_IRQHandler                 ; USB OTG FS                                      
                DCD     DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 5                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 6                                   
                DCD     DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler           ; DMA2 Stream 7                                   
                DCD     USART6_IRQHandler                 ; USART6                                           
                DCD     I2C3_EV_IRQHandler                ; I2C3 event                                             
                DCD     I2C3_ER_IRQHandler                ; I2C3 error                                             
                DCD     OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler         ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out                      
                DCD     OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler          ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 In                       
                DCD     OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler            ; USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI                         
                DCD     OTG_HS_IRQHandler                 ; USB OTG HS                                      
                DCD     DCMI_IRQHandler                   ; DCMI                                            
                DCD     CRYP_IRQHandler                   ; CRYP crypto                                     
                DCD     HASH_RNG_IRQHandler               ; Hash and Rng
                DCD     FPU_IRQHandler                    ; FPU
                                         
__Vectors_End

__Vectors_Size  EQU  __Vectors_End - __Vectors

                AREA    |.text|, CODE, READONLY

; Reset handler
Reset_Handler    PROC
                 EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK]
        IMPORT  SystemInit
        IMPORT  __main

                 LDR     R0, =SystemInit
                 BLX     R0
                 LDR     R0, =__main
                 BX      R0
                 ENDP

; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)

NMI_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  NMI_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  HardFault_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  MemManage_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  BusFault_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  UsageFault_Handler         [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SVC_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  SVC_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  DebugMon_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
PendSV_Handler  PROC
                EXPORT  PendSV_Handler             [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
                EXPORT  SysTick_Handler            [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP

Default_Handler PROC

                EXPORT  WWDG_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                        
                EXPORT  PVD_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                      
                EXPORT  TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler             [WEAK]         
                EXPORT  RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                     
                EXPORT  FLASH_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                         
                EXPORT  RCC_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  EXTI0_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  EXTI1_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  EXTI2_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  EXTI3_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                           
                EXPORT  EXTI4_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  ADC_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                         
                EXPORT  CAN1_TX_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                                
                EXPORT  CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                                
                EXPORT  CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                                
                EXPORT  EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                    
                EXPORT  TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                  
                EXPORT  TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                
                EXPORT  TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler     [WEAK] 
                EXPORT  TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  TIM2_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  TIM3_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  TIM4_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  SPI1_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                           
                EXPORT  SPI2_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  USART1_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                          
                EXPORT  USART2_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                          
                EXPORT  USART3_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                         
                EXPORT  EXTI15_10_IRQHandler              [WEAK]                                  
                EXPORT  RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler              [WEAK]                  
                EXPORT  OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler            [WEAK]                        
                EXPORT  TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler         [WEAK]                 
                EXPORT  TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                 
                EXPORT  TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler     [WEAK] 
                EXPORT  TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                          
                EXPORT  FSMC_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  SDIO_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  TIM5_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  SPI3_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  UART4_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  UART5_IRQHandler                  [WEAK]                                            
                EXPORT  TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                   
                EXPORT  TIM7_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                    
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                  
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                    
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                    
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                 
                EXPORT  ETH_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]                                         
                EXPORT  ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                     
                EXPORT  CAN2_TX_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler               [WEAK]                                               
                EXPORT  OTG_FS_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                       
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler           [WEAK]                                   
                EXPORT  USART6_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                           
                EXPORT  I2C3_EV_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                              
                EXPORT  I2C3_ER_IRQHandler                [WEAK]                                              
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler         [WEAK]                      
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler          [WEAK]                      
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler            [WEAK]                        
                EXPORT  OTG_HS_IRQHandler                 [WEAK]                                      
                EXPORT  DCMI_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                             
                EXPORT  CRYP_IRQHandler                   [WEAK]                                     
                EXPORT  HASH_RNG_IRQHandler               [WEAK]
                EXPORT  FPU_IRQHandler                    [WEAK]

WWDG_IRQHandler                                                       
PVD_IRQHandler                                      
TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler                  
RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
FLASH_IRQHandler                                                       
RCC_IRQHandler                                                            
EXTI0_IRQHandler                                                          
EXTI1_IRQHandler                                                           
EXTI2_IRQHandler                                                          
EXTI3_IRQHandler                                                         
EXTI4_IRQHandler                                                          
DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler                                       
DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler                                          
DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler                                          
ADC_IRQHandler                                         
CAN1_TX_IRQHandler                                                            
CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler                                                          
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler                                                           
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler                                                           
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler                                                
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler                        
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler                      
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler  
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler                                               
TIM2_IRQHandler                                                           
TIM3_IRQHandler                                                           
TIM4_IRQHandler                                                           
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler                                                         
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler                                                         
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler                                                        
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler                                                           
SPI1_IRQHandler                                                          
SPI2_IRQHandler                                                           
USART1_IRQHandler                                                       
USART2_IRQHandler                                                       
USART3_IRQHandler                                                      
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler                                            
RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler                            
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler                      
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler                       
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler  
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler                                               
DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler                                                 
FSMC_IRQHandler                                                            
SDIO_IRQHandler                                                            
TIM5_IRQHandler                                                            
SPI3_IRQHandler                                                            
UART4_IRQHandler                                                          
UART5_IRQHandler                                                          
TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler                            
TIM7_IRQHandler                              
DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler                                         
DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler                                          
DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler                                           
DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler                                           
DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler                                        
ETH_IRQHandler                                                         
ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
CAN2_TX_IRQHandler                                                           
CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler                                                          
CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler                                                          
CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler                                                          
OTG_FS_IRQHandler                                                    
DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler                                          
DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler                                          
DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler                                          
USART6_IRQHandler                                                        
I2C3_EV_IRQHandler                                                          
I2C3_ER_IRQHandler                                                          
OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler                           
OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler                            
OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler                                
OTG_HS_IRQHandler                                                   
DCMI_IRQHandler                                                            
CRYP_IRQHandler                                                    
HASH_RNG_IRQHandler
FPU_IRQHandler
   
                B       .

                ENDP

                ALIGN

;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
                 IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB
                
                 EXPORT  __initial_sp
                 EXPORT  __heap_base
                 EXPORT  __heap_limit
                
                 ELSE
                
                 IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory
                 EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap
                 
__user_initial_stackheap

                 LDR     R0, =  Heap_Mem
                 LDR     R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
                 LDR     R2, = (Heap_Mem +  Heap_Size)
                 LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem
                 BX      LR

                 ALIGN

                 ENDIF

                 END

;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****

框架讲解

STM32F40xx 系列微控制器的标准启动代码(Startup Code)(汇编语言编写)用于芯片复位后的初始化和引导流程。

整体结构与功能

  1. 设置堆栈(Stack/Heap):定义程序运行时的栈和堆空间。
  2. 向量表(Vector Table):存储中断和异常处理函数的地址,复位后由硬件自动加载。
  3. 复位处理流程:初始化系统时钟,跳转到 C 语言的main函数。
  4. 默认中断处理函数:提供未实现中断的默认处理(死循环),用户可自定义替换。

详细代码解析

;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2016 STMicroelectronics ********************
; 文件名: startup_stm32f40xx.s
; 作者: MCD Application Team
; @version: V1.8.0
; @date: 09-November-2016
; 描述: STM32F40xxx/41xxx设备的向量表,用于MDK-ARM工具链。
;       与startup_stm32f40_41xxx.s相同,为遗留目的而维护。
;       本模块执行以下操作:
;       - 设置初始堆栈指针(SP)
;       - 设置初始程序计数器(PC)等于复位处理程序(Reset_Handler)
;       - 在向量表条目中设置异常中断服务程序(ISR)的地址
;       - 配置系统时钟和STM324xG-EVAL板上的外部SRAM,用作数据存储器(可选,用户启用)
;       - 跳转到C库中的__main(最终调用main())。
;       复位后,Cortex-M4处理器处于线程模式,优先级为特权级,堆栈设置为主堆栈。
; <<< 在上下文菜单中使用配置向导 >>>
;*******************************************************************************

; 许可证信息...

; 为堆栈分配的内存量(以字节为单位)
; 根据应用程序的需要调整此值
; <h> 堆栈配置
;   <o> 堆栈大小(以字节为单位) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Stack_Size      EQU     0x00000400 ; 堆栈大小定义为1024字节

                AREA    STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 ; 定义一个名为STACK的内存区域,未初始化,可读可写,8字节对齐
Stack_Mem       SPACE   Stack_Size ; 在STACK区域中分配Stack_Size大小的空间
__initial_sp      ; 堆栈顶部指针的标记

; <h> 堆配置
;   <o>  堆大小(以字节为单位) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>
Heap_Size       EQU     0x00000200 ; 堆大小定义为512字节

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 ; 定义一个名为HEAP的内存区域,未初始化,可读可写,8字节对齐
__heap_base      ; 堆基地址的标记
Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size ; 在HEAP区域中分配Heap_Size大小的空间
__heap_limit     ; 堆限制地址的标记

                PRESERVE8 ; 确保堆栈8字节对齐
                THUMB     ; 指示接下来的代码以Thumb指令集执行

; 向量表映射到复位时的地址0
                AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY ; 定义一个名为RESET的内存区域,数据段,只读
                EXPORT  __Vectors ; 导出向量表符号,使其可在其他文件中引用
                EXPORT  __Vectors_End ; 导出向量表结束符号
                EXPORT  __Vectors_Size ; 导出向量表大小符号

__Vectors       DCD     __initial_sp       ; 向量表第一项:堆栈顶部地址
                DCD     Reset_Handler      ; 向量表第二项:复位处理程序地址
                DCD     NMI_Handler        ; 向量表第三项:NMI处理程序地址
                ; ...(其他异常和中断处理程序地址)
                DCD     FPU_IRQHandler     ; 向量表最后一项:FPU中断处理程序地址

__Vectors_End   ; 向量表结束标记

__Vectors_Size  EQU  __Vectors_End - __Vectors ; 计算向量表大小

                AREA    |.text|, CODE, READONLY ; 定义一个名为.text的内存区域,代码段,只读

; 复位处理程序
Reset_Handler    PROC
                 EXPORT  Reset_Handler         [WEAK] ; 弱导出Reset_Handler,允许用户覆盖
        IMPORT  SystemInit                   ; 导入SystemInit函数
        IMPORT  __main                       ; 导入__main函数

                 LDR     R0, =SystemInit      ; 将SystemInit函数的地址加载到R0寄存器
                 BLX     R0                   ; 跳转到SystemInit函数执行
                 LDR     R0, =__main          ; 将__main函数的地址加载到R0寄存器
                 BX      R0                   ; 跳转到__main函数执行
                 ENDP                         ; 结束Reset_Handler过程

; 虚拟异常处理程序(无限循环,可以修改)
NMI_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  NMI_Handler         [WEAK] ; 弱导出NMI_Handler,允许用户覆盖
                B       .                   ; 无限循环
                ENDP                         ; 结束NMI_Handler过程

; ...(其他异常处理程序,结构类似NMI_Handler)

Default_Handler PROC
                ; 为所有未覆盖的外部中断处理程序提供默认实现
                ; ...(列出所有外部中断处理程序的弱导出)
                B       .                   ; 无限循环
                ENDP                         ; 结束Default_Handler过程

                ALIGN   ; 确保接下来的代码按字对齐

; 用户堆栈和堆初始化(如果使用微库,则不需要此部分)
                IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB
                
                 EXPORT  __initial_sp
                 EXPORT  __heap_base
                 EXPORT  __heap_limit
                
                 ELSE
                
                 IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory
                 EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap
                 
__user_initial_stackheap

                 LDR     R0, =  Heap_Mem      ; 加载堆基地址到R0
                 LDR     R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size) ; 计算堆栈顶部地址并加载到R1
                 LDR     R2, = (Heap_Mem +  Heap_Size) ; 加载堆限制地址到R2
                 LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem      ; 加载堆栈基地址到R3
                 BX      LR                   ; 返回

                 ALIGN   ; 确保接下来的代码按字对齐

                 ENDIF

                 END     ; 结束文件

;************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****

Q&A

1.AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3什么意思

  1. AREA 指令:
    这是 ARM 汇编语言中的一个伪指令,用于定义一个内存区域(Section)。
    语法:AREA 区域名, 属性1, 属性2, …
  2. STACK:
    这是你给这个内存区域起的名字,可以自定义,但通常习惯用 “STACK” 表示栈区域。
  3. NOINIT:
    这个属性表示该内存区域不需要初始化。
    也就是说,系统不会在启动时为这个区域填充初始值(如 0),其内容是未定义的。
    栈空间通常不需要预先初始化,因为程序运行时会动态使用它。
  4. READWRITE:
    表示该区域具有读写权限。
    栈需要能够被程序读写(压栈和出栈操作),所以设置为读写属性。
  5. ALIGN=3:
    指定该区域的起始地址要按 2 的幂次方对齐。
    ALIGN=3 表示按 2³ = 8 字节对齐。
    这样可以确保栈的起始地址是 8 的倍数,提高内存访问效率。

2.Stack_Size和Heap_Size最大能分配到多少

Stack_Size(堆栈大小)和Heap_Size(堆大小)的总和不能超过SRAM的总大小,否则会导致内存溢出和程序崩溃
在设置这些值时,建议从较小的值开始,并逐步增加,直到找到满足应用程序需求的最佳平衡点。同时,还需要注意监控内存使用情况,以避免内存溢出和其他潜在问题。

3.malloc超出堆空间怎么办

在使用malloc的时候要去读取malloc函数带回来的返回值,正常malloc成功返回的是开辟好空间的指针,malloc失败就返回空指针,一定要检查。再对Heap做出调整

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