C++通讯录管理系统实例
代码能力很差,还在提高阶段,最近在看C++的一些基础内容,学习了数组、函数、指针和结构体的一些相关知识,看了黑马程序员的教程,经过自己的理解,自己尝试从头写代码,思路和代码的实现基本上和黑马一样,略有细微不同,这里的测试结果用的是教程的,在此简单记录。
1.项目需求
- 添加联系人:向通讯录中添加新人,信息包括(姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址)最多记录1000人
- 显示联系人:显示通讯录中所有联系人信息
- 删除联系人:按照姓名进行删除指定联系人
- 查找联系人:按照姓名查看指定联系人信息
- 修改联系人:按照姓名重新修改指定联系人
- 清空联系人:清空通讯录中所有信息
- 退出通讯录:退出当前使用的通讯录
2.菜单界面
功能描述:显示一个菜单界面,提示用户进行相应操作,其中0为退出,执行后直接退出系统,其他选项不会退出系统
//菜单界面封装
void showMenu()
{
cout << "***************************" << endl;
cout << "***** 1、添加联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 2、显示联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 3、删除联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 4、查找联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 5、修改联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 6、清空联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 0、退出通讯录 *****" << endl;
cout << "***************************" << endl;
}
主程序实现:通过while循环,只有输入0时,可以退出循环,否则会一直进入菜单界面。
int main() {
int select = 0;
while (true)
{
showMenu();
cin >> select;
switch (select)
{
case 1: //添加联系人
break;
case 2: //显示联系人
break;
case 3: //删除联系人
break;
case 4: //查找联系人
break;
case 5: //修改联系人
break;
case 6: //清空联系人
break;
case 0: //退出通讯录
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
实现界面
3.添加联系人
功能描述:实现添加联系人功能,联系人上限为1000人,联系人信息包括(姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址)
3.1设计联系人结构体和通讯录结构体
- 设计联系人结构体:内部存储联系人的信息,包括姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址
- 设计通讯录结构体:内部存储联系人数组,每个数组内维护一个联系人结构体,内部存储联系人的信息;
当前容量方便后续进行修改、删除、查找等操作
//联系人信息
struct Person
{
string m_Name;
string m_Sex;
int m_Age;
string m_Phone;
string m_Address;
};
//通讯录信息:存联系人数组和当前容量
struct Addressbooks
{
struct Person PersonArray[MAX];
int m_Size;
};
3.2封装添加联系人函数
这里主要注意几个地方:
- 访问联系人结构体的信息:abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size],代表要添加的PersonArray的信息
- 性别这里用了while循环,保证输入一定正确,也可以去掉
- 当前容量m_Size要更新
- 添加结束后要进行清屏操作,每次清屏结束后,会再次调用菜单界面,后边几乎所有封装函数都要进行清屏操作
void addPerson(Addressbooks *abs)
{
if (abs->m_Size > MAX)
{
cout << "通讯录已满,无法添加!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
string sex;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == "男" || sex == "女")
{
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
}
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age;
cin >> age;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;
cout << "请输入联系方式:" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;
cout << "请输入地址:" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Address = address;
}
abs->m_Size++;
cout << "添加成功!" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
3.3测试添加联系人功能
- 主函数入口要创建通讯录结构体,并初始化当前容量为0
- 将函数接入switch中的case 1分支中
Addressbooks abs;
abs.m_Size = 0;
case 1:
addPerson(&abs);
break;
4.显示联系人
功能描述:显示通讯录中已有的联系人信息
4.1封装显示联系人函数
这里利用for循环逐一显示每个联系人的信息,注意标号为[i],而不是[m->Size]
void showPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->m_Size==0)
{
cout << "当前记录为空!" << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Sex << "\t";
cout << "年龄:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "地址:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Address << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
4.2测试显示联系人功能
case 2:
showPerson(&abs);
break;
5.删除联系人
功能描述:按照姓名进行删除指定联系人
5.1封装检测联系人函数
无论是删除、查找还是修改功能,我们都需要判断要操作的对象是否存在于通讯录系统中,因此为了方便,这里封装了一个检测联系人是否存在的函数,如果存在返回改联系人的编号,如果不存在直接返回-1
//判断是否存在查询的人员,存在返回在数组中索引位置,不存在返回-1
int isExist(Addressbooks * abs, string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
if (abs->personArray[i].m_Name == name)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
5.2封装删除联系人函数
- 输入联系人,将其传入检测函数,这里是值传递,不能传&abs,个人感觉是因为不在主函数里,具体原理不是很清楚
- 位于该对象前的联系人信息不发生改变,其后的联系人进行覆盖操作,不要搞反了
void deletePerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要删除的联系人:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//为什么不能传引用?
int ret = isExit(abs, name);
if (ret!=-1)
{
for (int i = ret; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
abs->PersonArray[i] = abs->PersonArray[i + 1];
}
abs->m_Size--;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
5.3测试删除联系人功能
case 3:
deletePerson(&abs);
break;
6.查找联系人
功能描述:按照姓名查看指定联系人信息,并显示该联系人的所有信息
6.1封装查找联系人函数
这里调用一下检测函数,取出标号进行显示,显示部分的写法和显示功能几乎一样,只是这里的标号为[ret]
void findPerosn(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要查找的联系人:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int ret = isExit(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
cout << "姓名:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Sex << "\t";
cout << "年龄:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "地址:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Address << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
6.2测试查找联系人功能
case 4:
findPerosn(&abs);
break;
7.修改联系人
功能描述:按照姓名重新修改指定联系人
7.1封装修改联系人函数
这里只需要调用一下检测函数取出要操作对象的编号,然后重新进行一遍添加操作即可
void modifyPerosn(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要修改的联系人:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int ret = isExit(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Name = name;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
string sex;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == "男" || sex == "女")
{
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
}
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age;
cin >> age;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Age = age;
cout << "请输入联系方式" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Phone = phone;
cout << "请输入地址:" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Address = address;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
7.2测试修改联系人功能
case 5:
modifyPerosn(&abs);
break;
8.清空通讯录
功能描述:清空通讯录中所有信息
8.1封装清空通讯录函数
void clearPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请确认您是否删除?" << endl;
cout << "1--删除" << endl;
cout << "2--取消" << endl;
int select;
cin >> select;
if (select == 1)
{
abs->m_Size = 0;
cout << "通讯录已清空!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "通讯录未删除!" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
8.2测试清空通讯录功能
case 6:
clearPerson(&abs);
break;
9.完整程序
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#define MAX 1000
//联系人信息
struct Person
{
string m_Name;
string m_Sex;
int m_Age;
string m_Phone;
string m_Address;
};
//通讯录信息:存联系人数组和当前容量
struct Addressbooks
{
struct Person PersonArray[MAX];
int m_Size;
};
//菜单界面
void showMenu()
{
cout << "***************************" << endl;
cout << "***** 1、添加联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 2、显示联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 3、删除联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 4、查找联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 5、修改联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 6、清空联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 0、退出通讯录 *****" << endl;
cout << "***************************" << endl;
}
void addPerson(Addressbooks *abs)
{
if (abs->m_Size > MAX)
{
cout << "通讯录已满,无法添加!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Name = name;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
string sex;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == "男" || sex == "女")
{
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
}
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age;
cin >> age;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Age = age;
cout << "请输入联系方式:" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Phone = phone;
cout << "请输入地址:" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->PersonArray[abs->m_Size].m_Address = address;
}
abs->m_Size++;
cout << "添加成功!" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void showPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->m_Size==0)
{
cout << "当前记录为空!" << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Sex << "\t";
cout << "年龄:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "地址:" << abs->PersonArray[i].m_Address << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
int isExit(Addressbooks* abs, string name)
{
int ret = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <abs->m_Size ; i++)
{
if (abs->PersonArray[i].m_Name == name)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
void deletePerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要删除的联系人:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
//为什么不能传引用?
int ret = isExit(abs, name);
if (ret!=-1)
{
for (int i = ret; i < abs->m_Size; i++)
{
abs->PersonArray[i] = abs->PersonArray[i + 1];
}
abs->m_Size--;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void findPerosn(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要查找的联系人:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int ret = isExit(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
cout << "姓名:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Name << "\t";
cout << "性别:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Sex << "\t";
cout << "年龄:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Age << "\t";
cout << "电话:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Phone << "\t";
cout << "地址:" << abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Address << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void modifyPerosn(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入您要修改的联系人:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int ret = isExit(abs, name);
if (ret != -1)
{
cout << "请输入姓名:" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Name = name;
cout << "请输入性别:" << endl;
string sex;
while (true)
{
cin >> sex;
if (sex == "男" || sex == "女")
{
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Sex = sex;
break;
}
else
{
cout << "输入有误,请重新输入" << endl;
}
}
cout << "请输入年龄:" << endl;
int age;
cin >> age;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Age = age;
cout << "请输入联系方式" << endl;
string phone;
cin >> phone;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Phone = phone;
cout << "请输入地址:" << endl;
string address;
cin >> address;
abs->PersonArray[ret].m_Address = address;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void clearPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请确认您是否删除?" << endl;
cout << "1--删除" << endl;
cout << "2--取消" << endl;
int select;
cin >> select;
if (select == 1)
{
abs->m_Size = 0;
cout << "通讯录已清空!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "通讯录未删除!" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
int main()
{
Addressbooks abs;
abs.m_Size = 0;
int select = 0;
while (true)
{
showMenu();
cin >> select;
switch (select)
{
case 1:
addPerson(&abs);
break;
case 2:
showPerson(&abs);
break;
case 3:
deletePerson(&abs);
break;
case 4:
findPerosn(&abs);
break;
case 5:
modifyPerosn(&abs);
break;
case 6:
clearPerson(&abs);
break;
case 0:
cout << "欢迎下次使用!" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}