spring bean 的生命周期

Spring Bean 的生命周期是指 Spring 容器从创建 Bean 实例到销毁 Bean 实例的整个过程。Spring 为 Bean 的生命周期提供了一系列的回调方法和接口，以便开发人员可以在 Bean 初始化前后执行特定的操作。了解 Spring Bean 的生命周期有助于我们更好地管理和配置 Spring 应用中的 Bean。

Bean 实例化 -> 依赖注入 -> 调用 Aware 接口 -> 前置处理 -> 初始化 -> 后置处理 -> Bean 就绪 -> Bean 销毁

以下是一个完整的 Spring Bean 生命周期的示例：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

@Component
public class MyBean implements BeanNameAware, BeanFactoryAware, ApplicationContextAware,
                                InitializingBean, DisposableBean {

    private String beanName;
    private BeanFactory beanFactory;
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setBeanName(String name) {
        this.beanName = name;
        System.out.println("Bean Name Aware: " + name);
    }

    @Override
    public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
        this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
        System.out.println("Bean Factory Aware");
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        System.out.println("ApplicationContext Aware");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void postConstruct() {
        System.out.println("PostConstruct Method");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        System.out.println("InitializingBean: afterPropertiesSet");
    }

    public void customInit() {
        System.out.println("Custom Init Method");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void preDestroy() {
        System.out.println("PreDestroy Method");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("DisposableBean: destroy");
    }

    public void customDestroy() {
        System.out.println("Custom Destroy Method");
    }
}

配置 init-method 和 destroy-method：
XML 示例

<bean id="myBean" class="com.example.MyBean" init-method="customInit" destroy-method="customDestroy"/>

@Bean 注解示例

@Bean(initMethod = "customInit", destroyMethod = "customDestroy")
public MyBean myBean() {
    return new MyBean();
}