第四关栈(青铜)

第四关栈(青铜)

1.栈基础知识

1.1 栈的特征

1.2 栈的操作

1.3 Java中的栈

Java的util中就提供了栈Stack类,使用不复杂,看一个例子就够了:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack();
        stack.push(1);
        stack.push(2);
        stack.push(3);
        System.out.println("栈顶元素为：" + stack.peek());
        while (!stack.empty()) {
            //只显示没出栈
            System.out.println(stack.peek());
            //出栈并且显示
            System.out.println(stack.pop());
        }
    }

2.基于数组实现栈

import java.util.Arrays;
class Mystack<T> {
    //实现栈的数组
    private Object[] stack;
    //栈顶元素
    private int top;

    Mystack() {
        //初始容量为10
        stack = new Object[10];
    }

    //判断是否为空
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return top == 0;
    }

    //返回栈顶元素
    public T peek() {
        T t = null;
        if (top > 0)
            t = (T) stack[top - 1];
        return t;
    }

    public void push(T t) {
        expandCapacity(top + 1);
        stack[top] = t;
        top++;
    }

    //出栈
    public T pop() {
        T t = peek();
        if (top > 0) {
            stack[top - 1] = null;
            top--;
        }
        return t;
    }

    //扩大容量
    public void expandCapacity(int size) {
        int len = stack.length;
        if (size > len) {
            size = size * 3 / 2 + 1;//每次扩大50%
            stack = Arrays.copyOf(stack, size);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mystack<String> stack = new Mystack<>();
        System.out.println(stack.peek());
        System.out.println(stack.isEmpty());
        stack.push("java");
        stack.push("is");
        stack.push("beautiful");
        stack.push("language");
        System.out.println(stack.pop());
        System.out.println(stack.isEmpty());
        System.out.println(stack.peek());
    }
}

3 基于链表实习栈

class ListStack<T> {
    //定义链表
    class Node<T> {
        public T t;
        public Node next;
    }

    public Node<T> head;

    //构造函数初始化头指针
    ListStack() {
        head = null;
    }

    //入栈
    public void push(T t) {
        if (t == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("参数不能为空");
        }
        if (head == null) {
            head = new Node<T>();
            head.t = t;
            head.next = null;
        } else {
            Node<T> temp = head;
            head = new Node<>();
            head.t = t;
            head.next = temp;
        }
    }

    //出栈
    public T pop() {
        if (head == null) {
            return null;
        }
        T t = head.t;
        head = head.next;
        return t;
    }

    //取栈顶元素
    public T peek() {
        if (head == null) {
            return null;
        }
        T t = head.t;
        return t;
    }


    //栈空
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        if (head == null)
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ListStack stack = new ListStack();
        System.out.println(stack.isEmpty());
        stack.push("Java");
        stack.push("is");
        stack.push("beautiful");
        System.out.println(stack.peek());
        System.out.println(stack.pop());
        System.out.println(stack.isEmpty());
    }
}