Docker详解（四）

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 14:20:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-09 14:20:49 发布

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker 容器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_47775373/article/details/142517879

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通过上文我们已经基本了解了docker的结构（仓库，镜像，容器）以及跑docker应用了；本文将通过介绍一个web应用：向你展示如何进行主机与web容器之间的通信，这是web开发者常用的；第二，贯穿上文中内容, 且为我们后续讲解网络提供基础。

一个web 应用运行和访问

运行一个 web 应用

我们只需要找一个webapp的镜像即可，无需自己再写个程序啥的。接下来让我们尝试使用 docker 构建一个 web 应用程序。可以用docker search webapp查找

这里找了一个training/webapp，它是将在docker容器中运行一个 Python Flask web应用。

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/etc/docker# docker pull training/webapp
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from training/webapp
[DEPRECATION NOTICE] Docker Image Format v1, and Docker Image manifest version 2, schema 1 support will be removed in an upcoming release. Suggest the author of docker.io/training/webapp:latest to upgrade the image to the OCI Format, or Docker Image manifest v2, schema 2. More information at https://docs.docker.com/go/deprecated-image-specs/
e190868d63f8: Downloading 
909cd34c6fd7: Download complete 
0b9bfabab7c1: Download complete 
a3ed95caeb02: Downloading 
10bbbc0fc0ff: Downloading 
fca59b508e9f: Downloading 
e7ae2541b15b: Downloading 
9dd97ef58ce9: Downloading 
a4c1b0cb7af7: Downloading 
latest: Pulling from training/webapp
[DEPRECATION NOTICE] Docker Image Format v1, and Docker Image manifest version 2, schema 1 support will be removed in an upcoming release. Suggest the author of docker.io/training/webapp:latest to upgrade the image to the OCI Format, or Docker Image manifest v2, schema 2. More information at https://docs.docker.com/go/deprecated-image-specs/
e190868d63f8: Pull complete 
909cd34c6fd7: Pull complete 
0b9bfabab7c1: Pull complete 
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete 
10bbbc0fc0ff: Pull complete 
fca59b508e9f: Pull complete 
e7ae2541b15b: Pull complete 
9dd97ef58ce9: Pull complete 
a4c1b0cb7af7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:06e9c1983bd6d5db5fba376ccd63bfa529e8d02f23d5079b8f74a616308fb11d
Status: Downloaded newer image for training/webapp:latest
docker.io/training/webapp:latest
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/etc/docker# docker images | grep webapp
training/webapp   latest    6fae60ef3446   9 years ago    349MB

启动这个webapp

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/etc/docker# docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
52e082e91619ea7fe2e5fab639c77d4d482e44cb58921617c3063b19e0e7a79b
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/etc/docker# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND           CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                         NAMES
52e082e91619   training/webapp   "python app.py"   9 seconds ago   Up 7 seconds   0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp, :::32768->5000/tcp   modest_payne

访问webapp

我们注意看上述PORTS部分为0.0.0.0:32769->5000/tcp

Docker 开放了 5000 端口（默认 Python Flask 端口）映射到主机端口 32768 上。

从主机上看，它应该暴露了端口32768

所以我们来验证下：

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/etc/docker# netstat -ant |grep 32768
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:32768           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::32768                :::*                    LISTEN     
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/etc/docker# curl localhost:32768
Hello world!

从容器内部看，它应该有一个端口5000

我们再进容器验证下：

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/etc/docker# docker exec -it 52e082e91619 sh
# netstat -ant | grep 5000
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5000            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN

设置自定义映射端口

通过 -p 参数可以设置映射的端口

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker run -d -p 5001:5000 training/webapp python app.py
6a84afe284705ab58ba4667ea1d81dc0b79dfec0e32bd3555dd31a6fc8f47403
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND           CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                         NAMES
6a84afe28470   training/webapp   "python app.py"   11 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds   0.0.0.0:5001->5000/tcp, :::5001->5000/tcp     friendly_mendeleev
52e082e91619   training/webapp   "python app.py"   4 hours ago      Up 4 hours      0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp, :::32768->5000/tcp   modest_payne

看到跑了两个内部端口都是5000的web实例，新的容器内部的 5000 端口映射到我们本地主机的 5001 端口上。

其他常用功能

查看web应用网络端口

通过 docker ps 命令可以查看到容器的端口映射，docker 还提供了另一个快捷方式 docker port，使用 docker port 可以查看指定（ID 或者名字）容器的某个确定端口映射到宿主机的端口号。

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker port 6a84afe28470
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5001
5000/tcp -> [::]:5001
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker port friendly_mendeleev
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5001
5000/tcp -> [::]:5001

查看应用的日志

docker logs [ID或者名字] 可以查看容器内部的标准输出。-f参数表示持续输出日志

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker logs -f 6a84afe28470
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

查看应用程序容器的进程

docker top

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker top 6a84afe28470
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                1237566             1237543             0                   15:36               ?                   00:00:00            python app.py

检查应用程序

使用 docker inspect 来查看 Docker 的底层信息。它会返回一个 JSON 文件记录着 Docker 容器的配置和状态信息

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker inspect 6a84afe28470
[
    {
        "Id": "6a84afe284705ab58ba4667ea1d81dc0b79dfec0e32bd3555dd31a6fc8f47403",
        "Created": "2024-09-25T07:36:04.84056488Z",
        "Path": "python",
        "Args": [
            "app.py"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 1237566,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2024-09-25T07:36:05.226876582Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:6fae60ef344644649a39240b94d73b8ba9c67f898ede85cf8e947a887b3e6557",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6a84afe284705ab58ba4667ea1d81dc0b79dfec0e32bd3555dd31a6fc8f47403/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6a84afe284705ab58ba4667ea1d81dc0b79dfec0e32bd3555dd31a6fc8f47403/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6a84afe284705ab58ba4667ea1d81dc0b79dfec0e32bd3555dd31a6fc8f47403/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6a84afe284705ab58ba4667ea1d81dc0b79dfec0e32bd3555dd31a6fc8f47403/6a84afe284705ab58ba4667ea1d81dc0b79dfec0e32bd3555dd31a6fc8f47403-json.log",
        "Name": "/friendly_mendeleev",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "5000/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "5001"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "ConsoleSize": [
                22,
                205
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "private",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": null,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware",
                "/sys/devices/virtual/powercap"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2576d793b09121959a91fddc18e320aa2119e4294cce829ed79cf1cbd89bc3f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe66cf8642de55d1d5d5d902b1e78a9f8d31476559f52a844bc140063e7092b2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eac679abb2fd6cf2118f0d1faa01bfb09861aa473f59fc9f52ce56d79bd67849/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/50c6f3af9824a55852a7056292ca48b1cdd217a4d09659d8a1046a4154cae94b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8512382651ea9079ab8bd217be66f98d52548dde028d80f61d8427c4d78ec9eb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ded61d8bdc15a967fcb1784d5dae977dc201d72d71a27bd4dc5cbe775f1f947/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/07db5830024f3fcd2b9e690ae2a9da03e41ddbf87d2c866eda50f15ff12161f8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b2229399efaf652aa944d8f3c72ce8a30442043fd7d3927c61dd2d77d9cac18e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5d8d1a9aa0fdc5716bf3e2a13a6abfe63592668338a9cf4173cb26d6d5fa91e9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2de862c54d0ea06f37f0383f5114b55962464c2431176b33c6c7f9b1ce25265f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4b49e6c2207be6a4e05bd535bda8628f7123a2c734022be7b766f892ece71e8d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/99b8ed3ad45eb2164ae24e64529a17ba77f8d4b899ff399b4a280e70cc1a191c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/48f4fce7e56a82dbb8feb3aba464fcb3adbab4be9d74ddaf78c9c7ea37527e9e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d54ff6dd77f7ce2ad674c4aa2160fcc02b66431aa65c06eba1bd3fc47fdb5f12/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2576d793b09121959a91fddc18e320aa2119e4294cce829ed79cf1cbd89bc3f/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2576d793b09121959a91fddc18e320aa2119e4294cce829ed79cf1cbd89bc3f/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d2576d793b09121959a91fddc18e320aa2119e4294cce829ed79cf1cbd89bc3f/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "6a84afe28470",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "5000/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "python",
                "app.py"
            ],
            "Image": "training/webapp",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/opt/webapp",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "633cb8961970fcf194a2705cc1e659cc48e0484e6ac5bc70d6691c324af3ca45",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "5000/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "5001"
                    },
                    {
                        "HostIp": "::",
                        "HostPort": "5001"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/633cb8961970",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "dc0f9ead1c1eec705868eaa3316883a3fe44d31be9eb6b7e810c15874cc20b6b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "e7cb0b1c9f4043e23fa9f2a75d58b4bff052ab142be3bc0e5fe961abec6e09f1",
                    "EndpointID": "dc0f9ead1c1eec705868eaa3316883a3fe44d31be9eb6b7e810c15874cc20b6b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

停止应用容器

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND           CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                         NAMES
6a84afe28470   training/webapp   "python app.py"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:5001->5000/tcp, :::5001->5000/tcp     friendly_mendeleev
52e082e91619   training/webapp   "python app.py"   4 hours ago     Up 4 hours     0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp, :::32768->5000/tcp   modest_payne
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# 
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# 
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# 
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker stop 6a84afe28470
6a84afe28470
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND           CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                                         NAMES
52e082e91619   training/webapp   "python app.py"   4 hours ago   Up 4 hours   0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp, :::32768->5000/tcp   modest_payne

重启应用容器

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND           CREATED         STATUS                        PORTS                                         NAMES
6a84afe28470   training/webapp   "python app.py"   9 minutes ago   Exited (137) 54 seconds ago                                                 friendly_mendeleev
52e082e91619   training/webapp   "python app.py"   4 hours ago     Up 4 hours                    0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp, :::32768->5000/tcp   modest_payne
603b6ae9191b   ubuntu:v1.0.2     "sh"              40 hours ago    Exited (0) 40 hours ago                                                     youthful_driscoll
3a429f4c76a5   b1e9cef3f297      "/bin/bash"       40 hours ago    Exited (130) 40 hours ago                                                   gracious_shaw
4b7423cdafdf   b1e9cef3f297      "/bin/bash"       40 hours ago    Exited (0) 40 hours ago                                                     flamboyant_proskuriakova
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker restart 6a84afe28470
6a84afe28470
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE             COMMAND           CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                                         NAMES
6a84afe28470   training/webapp   "python app.py"   10 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:5001->5000/tcp, :::5001->5000/tcp     friendly_mendeleev
52e082e91619   training/webapp   "python app.py"   4 hours ago      Up 4 hours     0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp, :::32768->5000/tcp   modest_payne

移除应用容器

root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps -a |grep friendly
6a84afe28470   training/webapp   "python app.py"   11 minutes ago   Up About a minute           0.0.0.0:5001->5000/tcp, :::5001->5000/tcp     friendly_mendeleev
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker rm -f 6a84afe28470
6a84afe28470
root@VM-16-2-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse# docker ps -a |grep friendly