ABAP 初学篇（一）

本人关于学习ABAP的一些笔记，分享出来，对于初学者应该会有一点帮助，大神请跳过，后续会更新多个文章，欢迎指正和留言沟通！

基本语法

1. 定义数据和类型

REPORT ZWANGZHENG2.

*定义数据txt1 类型 C 长度15 初始值 HELLO WORLD

DATA txt1(15) TYPE c VALUE 'HELLO WORLD'.

*定义类型t_txt
TYPES t_txt(15) TYPE c .
*定义数据txt2 类型为：t_txt

DATA txt2 TYPE t_txt VALUE 'first'.

*定义类型为N的数据及类型。

DATA i1(2) TYPE n VALUE 118.
TYPES my_number_type(5) TYPE n.
DATA i2 TYPE my_number_type.

*定义时间类型数据

Data time1 TYPE t VALUE '100701'.
WRITE time1.

*定义日期类型数据

DATA day1 TYPE d.
day1 ='20110628'.

DATA i1 TYPE I.
i1 = 15.
WRITE i1.

*定义结构体

TYPES:
      BEGIN  OF student,
       studentid type I,
       sname(20) type c,
       sex(10) type c,
       age type I,
      END OF student.

DATA stu1  TYPE student.
stu1-studentid = 1001 .
stu1-sname = 'tom'.
stu1-sex = 'man'.
stu1-age = 18.

WRITE stu1-studentid .
WRITE stu1-sname .
WRITE stu1-sex .
WRITE stu1-age .

运算符 控制流语句

REPORT  ZWANGZHENG6.
DATA a TYPE i VALUE 1.
DATA b TYPE i VALUE 20.
DATA c TYPE i .

a的 b次方.

c = a ** b . 
* b = a + b.
ADD a TO b.

• case语句

CASE a.
 when 12 OR 1 OR 2 .
    WRITE / 'winner' .
  when 3 OR 4 OR 5 .
    WRITE / 'spring' .
   when 6 OR 7 OR 8 .
    WRITE / 'summer' .
   when 9 OR 10 OR 11 .
    WRITE / 'winner' .
   when others.
     WRITE / 'NO'.
ENDCASE .

• 固定次数循环
  *输出1-30之间偶数
• sy-index 循环次数 从1开始

DATA a TYPE i .
DO 30 TIMES.
  a = sy-index.
  DATA s TYPE i .
  s = a MOD 2 .
  IF s = 0 .
    WRITE / sy-index .
  ENDIF  .
ENDDO.

DATA sum1 TYPE i value 0 .
DATA sum2 TYPE i value 0 .

*循环 计算1~100之间的奇数和 偶数和。

WHILE sy-index <= 100 .
  a = sy-index .
  b = a mod 2 .
  if b = 0 .
    sum1 = sum1 + a .
  else .
      sum2 = sum2 + a .
  ENDIF .
ENDWHILE.

WRITE / sum1  .
WRITE / sum2  .

循环控制
CONTINUE ：结束本次循环
EXIT跳出整个循环 相当于BREAK

字符串操作
字符串连接

REPORT  ZWANGZHENG7.
DATA:
s1(20) TYPE c value 'aaa',
s2(20) TYPE c value 'bbb' ,
s3(20) TYPE c ,
sep(1) TYPE c value '.' .

• s3=s1+s2.中间无空格

CONCATENATE s1 s2 INTO s3 .
WRITE / s3 .

• s3=s1+s2 连接处使用数据sep中的值填充

CONCATENATE s1 s2 INTO s3  SEPARATED BY sep .
WRITE / s3 .

字符串拆分

REPORT  ZWANGZHENG8.
DATA: t Type string,
      i TYPE TABLE OF string,
      sep TYPE c value '*'.
t = 'ABAP*is*a*programming*language' .
*拆分字符串，把 t 按照  sep 分隔符 拆分 拆分结果放入到 i 表中。
SPLIT t At sep  INTO TABLE i .
*迭代 内表 i 每个元素，将元素 一个个付给 t
LOOP AT i INTO t.
  WRITE / t .
END

字符串查找

REPORT  ZWANGZHENG9.
DATA s(30) TYPE c VALUE 'This is a testing sentence.' .
WRITE: / 'Searched' , 'SY-SUBRC' , 'SY-FDPOS'.

SEARCH s for 'x' .
WRITE :/ 'x' , sy-subrc UNDER 'SY-SUBRC'
             , SY-fdpos UNDER 'SY-FDPOS' .

SEARCH s for 'ing   ' .
WRITE :/ 'ing   ' , sy-subrc UNDER 'SY-SUBRC'
             , sy-fdpos UNDER 'SY-FDPOS' .

SEARCH s for '.ing   ' .
WRITE :/ '.ing   ' , sy-subrc UNDER 'SY-SUBRC'
             , sy-fdpos UNDER 'SY-FDPOS' .

SEARCH s for 's*' .
WRITE :/ 's*' , sy-subrc UNDER 'SY-SUBRC'
             , sy-fdpos UNDER 'SY-FDPOS' .

SEARCH s for '*s' .
WRITE :/ '*s' , sy-subrc UNDER 'SY-SUBRC'
             , sy-fdpos UNDER 'SY-FDPOS' .

字符串替换

REPORT  zwangzheng10.
DATA s TYPE string.
s = 'aaa-ss-dd-fff-ggg-sss'.
WRITE sy-subrc ."sy-subrc初始值为0
WHILE sy-subrc = 0 .
  REPLACE '-' WITH ' ' INTO s .
ENDWHILE .
WRITE s .

字符串长度

REPORT  zwangzheng11.
DATA:  s TYPE string VALUE '123456789' ,
      len TYPE i .
len = STRLEN( s ).
WRITE len .

定位操作字符串

REPORT  ZWANGZHENG12.
DATA: s1(8) TYPE c VALUE 'abcdefgh' ,
      s2(20) TYPE c value '1234567890' .
*将 s2 从下标为2的位子开始 往后3个字符串，
*替换成s1从下标为2的位子开始 往后3个字符串
s2+2(3) = s1+2(3) .

WRITE s1 .
WRITE s2 .

子程序
无参数

data: a type i value 1 ,
      b type i value 2,
      sum type i.
perform add.
write sum.

form add.
  sum = a + b.
  endform.

带参数

DATA: a TYPE i ,
      b TYPE i ,
      c TYPE i  ,
      d TYPE i ,
      sum TYPE i.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  a = 1.
  b = 2.
  PERFORM add USING a b.
  WRITE sum.

FORM add USING c d.
  sum = c + d.
  WRITE sum.
ENDFORM.     

参数传值和传地址对比

DATA: a TYPE i ,
      b TYPE i .

START-OF-SELECTION.
  a = 1. b = 1.
  "a传地址  b传值
  PERFORM add USING a b.
  write : / a , b.
*输出结果     2    1

FORM add USING c type i  value(d) type i.
 c = c + 1.
 d = d + 1.
ENDFORM.

以上仅仅是我作为一个出学者的理解，以及一些尚未成熟的记录！欢迎留言指正。
谢谢！待续。。。