vue-router:
Vue Router 是 Vue.js 官方的路由管理器。它和 Vue.js 的核心深度集成,让构建单页面应用变得易如反掌。
https://router.vuejs.org/zh/guide/
起步:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>start</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<button v-on:click='showRouter'>$router 访问路由器</button>
<button v-on:click='showRoute'>$route 访问当前路由</button>
<div>
<!-- 使用 router-link 组件来导航. -->
<!-- 通过传入 `to` 属性指定链接. -->
<!-- <router-link> 默认会被渲染成一个 `<a>` 标签 -->
<router-link to="/foo">Go to Foo</router-link>
<router-link to="/bar">Go to Bar</router-link>
</div>
<!-- 路由出口 -->
<!-- 路由匹配到的组件将渲染在这里 -->
<router-view>
</router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
// 0. 如果使用模块化机制编程,导入Vue和VueRouter,要调用 Vue.use(VueRouter)
// 1. 定义 (路由) 组件。
// 可以从其他文件 import 进来
const Foo = { template: '<div>foo</div>' }
const Bar = { template: '<div>bar</div>' }
// 2. 定义路由
// 每个路由应该映射一个组件。 其中"component" 可以是
// 通过 Vue.extend() 创建的组件构造器,
// 或者,只是一个组件配置对象。
// 我们晚点再讨论嵌套路由。
const routes = [
{ path: '/foo', component: Foo },
{ path: '/bar', component: Bar }
]
// 3. 创建 router 实例,然后传 `routes` 配置
// 你还可以传别的配置参数, 不过先这么简单着吧。
const router = new VueRouter({
routes // (缩写) 相当于 routes: routes
})
// 4. 创建和挂载根实例。
// 记得要通过 router 配置参数注入路由,
// 从而让整个应用都有路由功能
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'hello router'
}
},
methods: {
showRouter(){
console.log('函数 showRouter')
console.log(this.$router);
},
showRoute(){
console.log('函数 showRoute')
console.log(this.$route);
}
}
}).$mount('#app');
// 现在,应用已经启动了!
</script>
</body>
</html>
动态路由匹配:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>1.dynamic-router</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<div>
<router-link to="/user/foo">Go to Foo</router-link>
<router-link to="/user/bar">Go to Bar</router-link>
</div>
<router-view>
</router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
// 动态路径参数 以冒号开头
{
path: '/user/:id',
component: {
template: '<div>User - id: {{ $route.params.id }}</div>',
}
}
],
});
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'hello dynamic-router'
}
},
methods: {
showRouter(){
console.log('函数 showRouter')
console.log(this.$router);
},
showRoute(){
console.log('函数 showRoute')
console.log(this.$route);
}
}
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
嵌套路由:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>2.nested-router.html</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<div>
<router-link to="/user/door">Go to door</router-link>
</div>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const User = {
template: `
<div class="user">
<h2>User {{ $route.params.id }}</h2>
<router-link to="/user/door/profile">profile</router-link>
<router-link to="/user/door/posts">posts</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
}
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/user/:id', component: User,
children: [
{
// 当 /user/:id/profile 匹配成功,
// UserProfile 会被渲染在 User 的 <router-view> 中
path: 'profile',
component: {
template: `<p>我是嵌套的路由组件 profile !</p>`
}
},
{
// 当 /user/:id/posts 匹配成功
// UserPosts 会被渲染在 User 的 <router-view> 中
path: 'posts',
component: {
template: `<p>我是嵌套的路由组件 posts !</p>`
}
}
]
}
]
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'hello nested-router'
}
},
methods: {
showRouter(){
console.log('函数 showRouter')
console.log(this.$router);
},
showRoute(){
console.log('函数 showRoute')
console.log(this.$route);
}
}
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
命名路由:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>3.name-router</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<router-link v-bind:to="{name:'homeName', path:'/home'}" >Home</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/home',
component: {
template: '<div>匹配 home 路径的组件</div>',
}
},
{
path: '/home',
name: 'homeName',
component: {
template: '<div>匹配 home 路径, name 是 homeName 的组件</div>',
}
}
]
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'name-router'
}
},
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
命名视图:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>4.name-view</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<router-link to="/home" >Home</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
<router-view name='home'></router-view>
<router-view name='test'></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/home',
components: {
default: {
template: '<div>默认的组件</div>',
},
home: {
template: '<div>匹配 home 路径 home name 的组件</div>',
},
test: {
template: '<div>匹配 home 路径 test name 的组件</div>',
}
}
}
]
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'name-view'
}
},
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
重定向
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>5.redirect</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<router-link to="/home" >Home</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
<router-view name='home'></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/home',
components: {
default: {
template: '<div>默认的组件</div>',
},
home: {
template: '<div>匹配 home 路径的组件</div>',
},
},
redirect: {
name: '/home/index',
}
},
{
name: '/home/index',
path: '/index',
components: {
default: {
template: '<div>重定向的组件</div>',
},
home: {
template: '<div>重定向 home 的组件</div>',
},
},
}
]
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'redirect'
}
},
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
别名:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>6.alias</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<router-link to="/home" >Home</router-link>
<router-link to="/alias" >Alias</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
<router-view name='home'></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
alias: '/alias',
path: '/home',
components: {
default: {
template: '<div>默认的组件</div>',
},
home: {
template: '<div>匹配 home 路径的组件</div>',
},
},
},
]
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'alias'
}
},
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
路由组件传参:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>7.props</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<router-link to="/home/props" >Home</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/home/:homeName',
component: {
props: ['homeName'],
template: '<div>home {{ homeName }}</div>'
},
props: true,
// props: {
// homeName: '静态数据,不是路径'
// },
// props: function(){
// return {
// homeName: '函数返回的数据'
// }
// }
}
]
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'props'
}
},
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
直接true
props: true,
对象:
props: {
homeName: '静态数据,不是路径'
},
、
函数:
props: function(){
return {
homeName: '函数返回的数据'
}
}
导航守卫:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>8.guard</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<router-link to="/home/aaa" >Home/aaa</router-link>
<router-link to="/home/bbb" >Home/bbb</router-link>
<router-link to="/test" >Test</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/home/:id',
component: {
template: '<div>匹配 home 路径的组件 {{$route.params.id}}</div>',
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
// 在渲染该组件的对应路由被 confirm 前调用
// 不!能!获取组件实例 `this`
// 因为当守卫执行前,组件实例还没被创建
console.log('home routes beforeRouteEnter')
console.log('to:', to);
console.log('from:', from);
console.log('next:', next);
next();
},
beforeRouteUpdate (to, from, next) {
// 在当前路由改变,但是该组件被复用时调用
// 举例来说,对于一个带有动态参数的路径 /foo/:id,在 /foo/1 和 /foo/2 之间跳转的时候,
// 由于会渲染同样的 Foo 组件,因此组件实例会被复用。而这个钩子就会在这个情况下被调用。
// 可以访问组件实例 `this`
console.log('home routes beforeRouteUpdate')
console.log('to:', to);
console.log('from:', from);
console.log('next:', next);
next();
},
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {
// 导航离开该组件的对应路由时调用
// 可以访问组件实例 `this`
console.log('home routes beforeRouteLeave')
console.log('to:', to);
console.log('from:', from);
console.log('next:', next);
next();
}
}
},
{
path: '/test',
component: {
template: '<div>匹配 test 路径的组件</div>',
},
beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
console.log('test beforeEnter')
console.log('to:', to);
console.log('from:', from);
console.log('next:', next);
next();
}
}
]
});
router.beforeEach(function(to, from, next) {
console.log('beforeEach to:', to);
console.log('beforeEach from:', from);
console.log('beforeEach next:', next);
next();
});
router.afterEach((to, from) => {
console.log('afterEach to:', to);
console.log('afterEach from:', from);
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'guard'
}
},
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
路由元信息:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>meta</title>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue-router/dist/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<div>
<router-link to="/user/foo">Go to Foo</router-link>
<router-link to="/user/bar">Go to Bar</router-link>
</div>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
const router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/user/:id',
component: {
template: '<div>User - id: {{ $route.params.id }}</div>',
},
meta: { requiresAuth: true }
}
],
});
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
console.log(to.meta)
next()
})
const app = new Vue({
router: router,
data(){
return {
msg: 'meta'
}
},
}).$mount('#app');
</script>
</body>
</html>
小结:
可以初步的看出来,vue-router,通过<router-link>标签实现路由的跳转,<router-view>实现页面的显示。在js中,通过VueRouter实例对象注册路由信息。
可以把vue-router看作是动态组件地显示,只是显示依据主要是路径。