学习笔记(07):零基础搞定 Python 入门到实战-列表-2

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二、列表的方法
>>> dir(lst)
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']

1、向列表中增加元素的方法：append、insert、extend。iterable：可迭代对象
>>> help(lst.append)
Help on built-in function append:

append(...) method of builtins.list instance
    L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end

>>> lst
[1, 2, 300, 4]
>>> lst.append("python")
>>> lst
[1, 2, 300, 4, 'python']
>>> id lst
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    id lst
         ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> id(lst)
1894878229768
>>> lst.append("lesseon")
>>> lst
[1, 2, 300, 4, 'python', 'lesseon']
>>> id(lst)
1894878229768
>>> r = lst.append('ok')
>>> print(r)
None
>>> help(lst.insert)
Help on built-in function insert:

insert(...) method of builtins.list instance
    L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index

>>> lst.insert(0,10)
>>> lst
[10, 1, 2, 300, 4, 'python', 'lesseon', 'ok']
>>> help(lst.extend)
Help on built-in function extend:

extend(...) method of builtins.list instance
    L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
>>> lst2=['a','b']
>>> lst.extend(lst2)
>>> lst
[10, 1, 2, 300, 4, 'python', 'lesseon', 'ok', 'a', 'b']
>>> lst.extend('book')
>>> lst
[10, 1, 2, 300, 4, 'python', 'lesseon', 'ok', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'o', 'o', 'k']
>>>

2、向列表中减少元素的方法：pop：返回删除元素、remove：无返回值、clear
>>> help(lst.pop)
Help on built-in function pop:

pop(...) method of builtins.list instance
    L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).    Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.

>>> help(lst.remove)
Help on built-in function remove:

remove(...) method of builtins.list instance
    L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
    Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

>>>
>>> lst.pop()
'k'
>>> lst
[10, 1, 2, 300, 4, 'python', 'lesseon', 'ok', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'o', 'o']
>>> lst.pop(0)
10
>>> lst.remove('b')
>>> lst
[1, 2, 300, 4, 'python', 'lesseon', 'ok', 'a', 'b', 'o', 'o']
>>>

注意： 使用clear清空列表，列表的元素为空，但列表的id地址不变；但使用=赋值空对象给列表，则列表的元素也为空，但列表的id地址会改变为新地址。

>>> lst2
['a', 'b']
>>> id(lst2)
1894878191368
>>> lst2.clear()
>>> id(lst2)
1894878191368
>>> lst2
[]
>>> a=['a','b']
>>> id(a)
1894878128200
>>> a = []
>>> id(a)
1894882185416
>>>

3、相同类型的列表元素可以排序：sort、reverse，也可以使用序列切片reverse转置和内置函数sorted排序，返回输出，但不会改变原列表。
>>> help(lst.sort)
Help on built-in function sort:

sort(...) method of builtins.list instance
    L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE*

>>> help(lst.reverse)
Help on built-in function reverse:

reverse(...) method of builtins.list instance
    L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*

>>>
>>> lst2 = [2,4,6,1,9,2]
>>> lst2.sort()
>>> lst2
[1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9]
>>> lst2.sort(reverse=True)
>>> lst2
[9, 6, 4, 2, 2, 1]
>>> lst2 = [2,4,6,1,9,2]
>>> lst2.reverse()
>>> lst2
[2, 9, 1, 6, 4, 2]
>>> lst2.sort(reverse=True)
>>> lst2
[9, 6, 4, 2, 2, 1]
>>> lst2.reverse()
>>> lst2
[1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9]
>>> lst2.append(3)
>>> lst2
[1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 3]
>>> sorted(lst2)
[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9]
>>> lst2
[1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 3]
>>> lst2[::-1]
[3, 9, 6, 4, 2, 2, 1]
>>> lst2
[1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 3]
>>>

三、列表与字符串的异同
1、都是序列
2、列表是容器类对象，列表可变
3、字符串不可变
4、列表可转换成字符串
>>> lst = ['p','y','t','h','o','n']
>>> "".join(lst)
'python'
>>> lst
['p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']
>>>
5、字符串可转换成字符列表
>>> lst2="pyth"
>>> lst=[]
>>> lst.extend(lst2)
>>> lst
['p', 'y', 't', 'h']
>>>