31 浮动路由

浮动路由

一、配置浮动路由

​ 单一路由的局限性：

​ 只有“最佳”的唯一路径存

​ 在单点风险，一旦中断直接通信中断

​ 浮动路由的定义及优势：

​ 配置一个管理距离更大的静态路由，作为应急触发的备份路径

​ 在主路由有效的情况下，浮动路由不会出现在路由表中

二、练习

​ 配置接口IP地址并配置浮动路由实现链路的冗余

​ 注：路由器扩展模块选择NM-1FE-TX

R1:

# 进入特权
Router>enable

# 进入全局配置
Router#configure terminal 

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出
Router(config-if)#exit

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出到特权
Router(config-if)#exit

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出到全局配置
Router(config-if)#exit

# 配置静态路由
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2 
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 50

# 退出特权模式
Router(config)#exit

# 查看路由表
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S    192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2

# 进入全局配置
Router#configure terminal 

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

# 关闭接口（模拟故障）
Router(config-if)#shutdown	

# 退出
Router(config-if)#end

# 查看路由表
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S    192.168.4.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.3.2

R2:

# 进入特权
Router>enable

# 进入全局
Router#configure terminal 

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出接口模式
Router(config-if)#exit

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出到特权模式
Router(config-if)#exit

# 进入接口
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0

# 配置IP
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

# 启动接口
Router(config-if)#no shutdown	

# 退出到全局配置
Router(config-if)#exit

# 配置静态路由
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 50

# 退出特权模式
Router(config)#exit

# 查看路由表
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1、

# 查看路由表（当关闭一个口时）
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

S    192.168.1.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.3.1
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1