秒懂！详细！DHCP中继

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-16 18:47:49 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-06-16 18:47:49 发布
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DHCP中继原理

1 当dhcp client 启动并进行dhcp 初始化时，它会在本地网络广播配置请求报文。
2 如果本地网络存在dhcp server，则可以直接进行dhcp 配置，不需要dhcp relay。
3 如果本地网络没有dhcp server，则与本地网络相连的具有dhcprelay 功能的网络设备收到该广播报文后，将进行适当处理并转发给指定的其它网络上的dhcp server。
4 dhcp server 根据dhcp client 提供的信息进行相应的配置，并通过dhcp relay 将配置信息发送给dhcp client，完成对dhcp client 的动态配置。
事实上，从开始到最终完成配置，需要多个这样的交互过程。
1 dhcp relay设备修改dhcp消息中的相应字段，把dhcp的广播包改成单播包，并负责在服务器与客户机之间转换。
2 netcore路由器（2x05）可以作为dhcp relay 代理。

**

DHCP实验流程

**
dhcp中继拓扑图在这里插入图片描述

sw2配置

The device is running!

huawei>u t m

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
huawei>sys

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysn
[Huawei]sysname SW2
[SW2]v b 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[SW2]int e0/0/1
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]p d v 10
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]un sh
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]p d v 20
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]un sh
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]int e0/0/3
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]p d v 10
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]un sh
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/3 is not shutdown.
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]p l a
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]p d v 20
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]un sh
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/4 is not shutdown.
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]int g0/0/1
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v 10 20
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] User interface con0 is available

Please Press ENTER.

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[SW2]dis cu
[SW2]dis current-configuration

sysname SW2

vlan batch 10 20

cluster enable
ntdp enable
ndp enable

drop illegal-mac alarm

diffserv domain default

drop-profile default

aaa
authentication-scheme default
authorization-scheme default
accounting-scheme default
domain default
domain default_admin
local-user admin password simple admin
local-user admin service-type http

[SW2]et
[SW2]ret
[SW2]return
sav
save
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]y
Info: Please input the file name ( *.cfg, *.zip ) [vrpcfg.zip]:
Jun 29 2020 15:18:06-08:00 SW2 %%01CFM/4/SAVE(l)[0]:The user chose Y when decidi
ng whether to save the configuration to the device.
Now saving the current configuration to the slot 0.
Save the configuration successfully.

**

R1

**
The device is running!

u t m Info: Current terminal monitor is off. sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysn [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]dhcp en [R1]dhcp enable Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done. [R1]int g0/0/0.10 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]d [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dh [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp en [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp en [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp s [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp select r [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp select relay [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dh [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp r [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp relay s [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dhcp relay server-ip 14.0.0.2

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]int g0/0/0.20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dhcp s
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dhcp sel
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dhcp select r
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dhcp select relay
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dhcp relay server-ip 14.0.0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dis thi
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dis thi
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dis thi
[V200R003C00]

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 14.0.0.2

return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 14.0.0.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[R1]int g0/0/0.10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]a
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]arp b
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]arp broadcast en
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]arp broadcast enable

Error: This interface is not a termination interface.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]d
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]do
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dot1q t
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dot1q termination v
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]dot1q termination vid 10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]a
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]arp b
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]arp broadcast e
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10]q
[R1]int g0/0/0.20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]d
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]do
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dot1q t
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dot1q termination v
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dot1q termination vid 20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]a
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]arp b
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]arp broadcast e
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dis th
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]dis th
[V200R003C00]

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20
dot1q termination vid 20
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
arp broadcast enable
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 14.0.0.2

return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.20]q
[R1]ip r
[R1]ip ro
[R1]ip route-static 15.0.0.0 24 12.0.0.2
[R1]

Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]dis c
[R1]dis calibrate
^
Error:Incomplete command found at ‘^’ position.
[R1]dis cu
[R1]dis current-configuration
[V200R003C00]

sysname R1

snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent

clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00

portal local-server load portalpage.zip

drop illegal-mac alarm

set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75

dhcp enable

aaa
authentication-scheme default
authorization-scheme default
accounting-scheme default
domain default
domain default_admin
local-user admin password cipher % % K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}% %

[R1]ret
sve
sa
save
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait…
Configuration file had been saved successfully
Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated


**

R2配置

**
The device is running!

u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysn
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]

Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

utm
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at ‘^’ position.
u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]dh
[R2]dhcp e
[R2]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 15.0.0.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dh
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp s
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select r
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select relay
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dh
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp r
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp relay s
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp relay server-ip 14.0.0.2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
[V200R003C00]

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 15.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
dhcp select relay
dhcp relay server-ip 14.0.0.2

return
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]ip ro
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.1
[R2]

Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R2]dis ip ro
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes : 11

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

    0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet

0/0/0
12.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
15.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 15.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
15.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
15.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

[R2]dis ip int b
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.0.0.2/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 15.0.0.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
[R2]ret
sa
save
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait…
Configuration file had been saved successfully
Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

**

R3 配置

**
The device is running!

U T M
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysn
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]dh
[R3]dhcp en
[R3]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 14.0.0.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]d
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dh
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp sel
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select g
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select global
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]un sh
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R3]ip p
[R3]ip pool d
[R3]ip pool dh
[R3]ip pool dhcp15
Info: It’s successful to create an IP address pool.
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]net
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]network 15.0.0.0 mask 24
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]ga
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]gateway-list 15.0.0.1
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]dn
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]dns-list 8.8.8.8 2.2.2.2
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]ex
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]excluded-ip-address 15.0.0.100 15.0.0.254
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]sta
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]static-bind ip
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]static-bind ip-address 15.0.0.88 ma
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]static-bind ip-address 15.0.0.88 mac-address 5489-9877-80A
D
[R3-ip-pool-dhcp15]q
[R3]ip pooldh
[R3]ip pool dh
[R3]ip pool dhcpvlan10
Info: It’s successful to create an IP address pool.
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]net
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]netw
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]network 192.168.10.0 mask 24
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]g
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]gateway-list 192.168.10.1
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]d
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]dn
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]dns-list 8.8.8.8 2.2.2.2
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan10]q
[R3]ip pool dhcpvlan20
Info: It’s successful to create an IP address pool.
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]nnetw
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]netw
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]network 192.168.20.0 mask 24
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]ga
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]gateway-list 192.168.20.1
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]dns
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[R3-ip-pool-dhcpvlan20]q
[R3]ip ro
[R3]ip route-
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 14.0.0.1
[R3]

Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R3]dis cu
[R3]dis current-configuration
[V200R003C00]

sysname R3

snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent

clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00

portal local-server load portalpage.zip

drop illegal-mac alarm

set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75

dhcp enable

ip pool dhcp15
gateway-list 15.0.0.1
network 15.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
static-bind ip-address 15.0.0.88 mac-address 5489-9877-80ad
excluded-ip-address 15.0.0.100 15.0.0.254
dns-list 8.8.8.8 2.2.2.2

[R3]ret
save
The current configuration will be written to the device.
Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait…
Configuration file had been saved successfully

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DHCP relay（中继）配置 如果DHCP客户端和DHCP服务器不在同一网段内，需要DHCP中继负责DHCP服务器与DHCP客户端之间的DHCP报文转发，这样可以避免在每个网段部署DHCP服务器，节约成本，方便管理。 DHCP服务器和DHCP客户端之间的DHCP报文中继次数不能超过16次，否则DHCP报文将被丢弃。 设备作为DHCP中继时，如果使能了STP功能，可能会造成地址分配较慢。STP功...
ensp模拟单臂路由解决不同vlan之间的通信问题
m0_71158116的博客
05-20 1055
vlan划分可以有效地隔绝广播风暴，同时也隔离了不同vlan之间的互访。有助于控制流量，减少搭建网络所使用的设备资源。同时也提高工作效率。但是，不同vlan之间如果要进行通信，那么就涉及到vlan通信问题。 下列实验案例是解决不同vlan之间通信的一种方法： PC2：192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.254 PC3：192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ...
生成树（MSTP）实验
NicolasNRH的博客
10-31 790
生成树（MSTP）试验 拓扑图 实验拓扑图 实验目标 按图示要求配置端口 实现PC1，PC2，PC3，PC4和PC5互通 配置操作 交换机sw1的配置 [sw1]vlan batch 10 20 30 40 Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [sw1]int e0/0/1 [sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]p l t ### port l
华为设备浮动路由具体实验操作详情
chenchen的博客
07-26 1382
浮动路由 是指配置两条静态路由，默认选取带宽大的为主线路，当链路发生问题时带宽小的备用链路顶替，保持网络的不中断。 实验步骤 1.所有设备必打命令R1为例： undo terminal monitor ——关闭弹屏 Info: Current terminal monitor is off. sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]sysname r1——修改名字 r1]user-interface console 0 [r
华为单臂路由实验
张麟的博客
01-20 1613
[Huawei]sys sw1 [sw1]vlan batch 10 20 30 40 Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [sw1]int e0/0/1 [sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access [sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 [sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]int e...
ENSP的使用和实验
AtroxKing的博客
07-10 531
1.看广播域—看路由器的接口2.分配网段3.配置IP地址—为所有需要配置IP地址的节点配置IP地址VRP—用户视图save —保存配置(y/n)[n]:ysystem-view —进入系统视图（全局视图）[Huawei]sysname R1—设备命名华为支持自动补全配置TAB—自动补全[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display this —查看该位置，配的一些指令。
DHCP server和DHCP relay配置
qq_51562406的博客
01-08 5641
Dhcp server配置示例 如下图所示，某公司有3个部门，不同的部门处于不同的网段，现在需要在路由器ar1上配置DHCP server，目的是给各个部门的pc提供DHCP配置服务。 配置思路： 1.在ar1上使能dhcp功能 2.创建3个全局地址池，用于为3个不同的部门pc分配ip地址 3.配置地址池的相关属性 4.在ar1的接口下配置基于全局地址池的服务方式，实现dhcp server从全局地址池中选择分配地址 2.配置步骤 在ar1上使能dhcp功能，必须先进入系统视图，然后..
DHCP与DHCP中继原理与配置！
05-31
DHCP中继是一种特殊的DHCP服务器，它将DHCP请求转发到远程DHCP服务器，以便为客户端分配IP地址。DHCP中继可以通过多个子网传递DHCP请求，并且可以减少DHCP服务器的负担。 DHCP中继的原理是基于UDP广播来实现的。当...
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