Ubuntu使用过程所遇问题及解决方法

1.安装工具时lock被其他进程占用
输入口令：

sudo apt-get install net-tools

报错信息：

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend. It is held by process 1882 (unattended-upgr)
N: Be aware that removing the lock file is not a solution and may break your system.
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?

解决方法：
先查看下占用的进程是啥（虽然看了也还是直接kill，学习下命令吧，最起码知道kill了啥）

ps -aux

然后直接kill，我的是1882进程/usr/bin/python…，可能因人而异。

sudo kill -9 1882

然后即可正常安装工具。
当安装.deb文件时，报错不显示进程占用的数字，解决方法如下

sudo dpkg -i wiringpi-latest.deb

报错如下

dpkg: error: dpkg frontend lock is locked by another process

输入一个apt-get install命令即可知道进程数

sudo apt-get install -f

然后过程同上

2.安装ROS报错
执行命令

sudo apt install ros-noetic-desktop

报错如下

 were encountered while processing:
 /tmp/apt-dpkg-install-FDsWYq/217-libegl-dev_1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1_armhf.deb
 /tmp/apt-dpkg-install-FDsWYq/253-libgles-dev_1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1_armhf.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

解决方法：
再执行一下该命令

sudo apt install ros-noetic-desktop

新报错与提示

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libglvnd-dev : Depends: libegl-dev (>= 1.3.0-1) but it is not going to be installed
                Depends: libgles-dev (>= 1.3.0-1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

解决方法
执行命令

sudo apt --fix-broken install

报错如下

Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/libegl-dev_1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1_armhf.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/libgles-dev_1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1_armhf.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

重新安装报错的文件

sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libegl-dev_1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1_armhf.deb
sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libgles-dev_1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1_armhf.deb

然后在执行之前的命令即可正常安装ROS

sudo apt --fix-broken install