Servlet的生命周期

Servlet的生命周期

servlet的生命周期就是从servlet出现到销毁的过程。

主要分为以下几个阶段：

加载类—>实例化—>初始化—>请求响应—>销毁

实例化

 当客户端首次发送第一次请求后，由Servlet容器去解析请求，根据请求找到是否有对应的servlet
判断是否有Servlet实现类的对象存在，存在则直接使用，不存在则先创建一个servlet实现类的对象。

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初始化

加载和实例化完成后，Servlet 容器会创建一个servlet对象并调用servlet的init方法（在servlet生命周期内只能调用一次init方法)去初始化 Servlet 实例。 

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 请求响应

初始化完成后调取service()方法，由service()判断客户端的请求方式。如果是get请求，则执行doGet()方法。如果是post请求，则执行doPost()。

源码：

protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        String method = req.getMethod();

        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
                // to go through further expensive logic
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                    // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set
                    ifModifiedSince = -1;
                }
                if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
                    // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
                    // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
                    // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);

        } else {
            //
            // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
            // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
            //

            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);

            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }

如果子类没有重写doGet或doPost方法，则会执行父类的方法，返回405页面

doGet()方法

 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
        sendMethodNotAllowed(req, resp, msg);
    }

doPost()方法

protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");
        sendMethodNotAllowed(req, resp, msg);
    }

 销毁

当服务器关闭，重启或移除 Servlet 实例时Servlet调取destroy()方法进行销毁，宣告生命周期的结束