电子邮件退信分为硬退信和软退信，影响Email营销的送达率。硬退信通常由于地址不存在等不可逆原因导致，而软退信如邮箱满等可能通过策略调整改善。理解退信的不同原因有助于提高邮件送达率。退信代码如5.1.1表示地址错误，5.2.2表示邮箱已满，5.5.4表示无效命令等，这些代码帮助识别并解决邮件传递问题。
退信（bounce）是指各种原因造成的发件人所发出的信息不能被收件人正常接收的情况。根据邮件被退回的原因，可以分为hard bounce和soft bounce两种不同情况。一般来说，硬退信所造成的退信是无法改变的，而软退信则可以采取一些办法在一定程度上得到改善，区分退信的不同原因，目的在于采取针对性措施，尽可能提高电子邮件的送达率。
Bounce code | Bounce type | Description |
| 5.0.0 | Hard | Address does not exist |
| 5.1.0 | Hard | Other address status |
| 5.1.1 | Hard | Bad destination mailbox address |
| 5.1.2 | Hard | Bad destination system address |
| 5.1.3 | Hard | Bad destination mailbox address syntax |
| 5.1.4 | Hard | Destination mailbox address ambiguous |
| 5.1.5 | Hard | Destination mailbox address valid |
| 5.1.6 | Hard | Mailbox has moved |
| 5.1.7 | Hard | Bad sender’s mailbox address syntax |
| 5.1.8 | Hard | Bad sender’s system address |
| 5.2.0 | Soft | Other or undefined mailbox status |
| 5.2.1 | Soft | Mailbox disabled, not accepting messages |
| 5.2.2 | Soft | Mailbox full |
| 5.2.3 | Hard | Message length exceeds administrative limit. |
| 5.2.4 | Hard | Mailing list expansion problem |
| 5.3.0 | Hard | Other or undefined mail system status |
| 5.3.1 | Soft | Mail system full |
| 5.3.2 | Hard | System not accepting network messages |
| 5.3.3 | Hard | System not capable of selected features |
| 5.3.4 | Hard | Message too big for system |
| 5.4.0 | Hard | Other or undefined network or routing status |
| 5.4.1 | Hard | No answer from host |
| 5.4.2 | Hard | Bad connection |
| 5.4.3 | Hard | Routing server failure |
| 5.4.4 | Hard | Unable to route |
| 5.4.5 | Soft | Network congestion |
| 5.4.6 | Hard | Routing loop detected |
| 5.4.7 | Hard | Delivery time expired |
| 5.5.0 | Hard | Other or undefined protocol status |
| 5.5.1 | Hard | Invalid command |
| 5.5.2 | Hard | Syntax error |
| 5.5.3 | Soft | Too many recipients |
| 5.5.4 | Hard | Invalid command arguments |
| 5.5.5 | Hard | Wrong protocol version |
| 5.6.0 | Hard | Other or undefined media error |
| 5.6.1 | Hard | Media not supported |
| 5.6.2 | Hard | Conversion required and prohibited |
| 5.6.3 | Hard | Conversion required but not supported |
| 5.6.4 | Hard | Conversion with loss performed |
| 5.6.5 | Hard | Conversion failed |
| 5.7.0 | Hard | Other or undefined security status |
| 5.7.1 | Hard | Delivery not authorized, message refused |
| 5.7.2 | Hard | Mailing list expansion prohibited |
| 5.7.3 | Hard | Security conversion required but not possible |
| 5.7.4 | Hard | Security features not supported |
| 5.7.5 | Hard | Cryptographic failure |
| 5.7.6 | Hard | Cryptographic algorithm not supported |
| 5.7.7 | Hard | Message integrity failure |
| 9.1.1 | Hard | Hard bounce with no bounce code found. It could be an invalid email or rejected email from your mail server (such as from a sending limit). |
在Email营销中，送达率是一项重要的评价指标，之所以需要这样的指标，是因为并非每一封邮件都可以发送到接受者的电子邮箱中，事实上退信率持续增加已经成为影响Email营销的重要因素之一。退信（bounce）是指各种原因造成的发件人所发出的信息不能被收件人正常接收的情况。
一般来说，硬退信所造成的退信是无法改变的，而软退信则可以采取一些办法在一定程度上得到改善，区分退信的不同原因，目的在于采取针对性措施，尽可能提高电子邮件的送达率。
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