numpy中有哪些简单且实用的操作 实验1

import numpy as np
data=np.array([1,2,3])

data.max()

3

np.array([1,2,3])

array([1, 2, 3])

np.ones(3)

array([1., 1., 1.])

np.zeros(3)

array([0., 0., 0.])

np.random.random(3)

array([0.40199241, 0.77172438, 0.70989603])

data=np.array([1,2])

ones=np.ones(2)

data.min()

1

data.sum()

3

np.ones((3,2))

array([[1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.]])

np.zeros((3,2))

array([[0., 0.],
       [0., 0.],
       [0., 0.]])

np.random.random((3,2))

array([[0.16692483, 0.44345833],
       [0.96329826, 0.37172455],
       [0.60525241, 0.85643358]])

c = np.arange(1,13).reshape(6,2)

c

array([[ 1,  2],
       [ 3,  4],
       [ 5,  6],
       [ 7,  8],
       [ 9, 10],
       [11, 12]])

np.vsplit(c,3)

[array([[1, 2],
        [3, 4]]),
 array([[5, 6],
        [7, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 10],
        [11, 12]])]

d =c.T

d

array([[ 1,  3,  5,  7,  9, 11],
       [ 2,  4,  6,  8, 10, 12]])

np.hsplit(d,3)

[array([[1, 3],
        [2, 4]]),
 array([[5, 7],
        [6, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 11],
        [10, 12]])]

import numpy as np
e = np.dstack((a,b))
e

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-5-8e452e91e051> in <module>
      1 import numpy as np
----> 2 e = np.dstack((a,b))
      3 e
      4 


NameError: name 'a' is not defined

np.dsplit(e,2)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-6-be1746c3d12c> in <module>
----> 1 np.dsplit(e,2)


NameError: name 'e' is not defined

inistate =np.array([1,2,3,4])
pre_inistate = inistate[0:3]
pre_inistate

array([1, 2, 3])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,1,1,1])
b = np.array([[1],[1],[1],[1]])
a+b

array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2],
       [2, 2, 2, 2]])

import numpy as np
matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]
p1 = np.delete(matrix, 1, 0) # 第0维度(行)第1行被删除(初始行为0行)
print(">>>>p1>>>>\n",p1)
p2 = np.delete(matrix, 1, 1) # 第1维度(列)第1行被删除
print(">>>>p2>>>>\n",p2)
p3 = np.delete(matrix, 1) # 拉平后删除第1个元素(初始为第0个)
print(">>>>p3>>>>\n",p3)
p4 = np.delete(matrix, [0,1], 1) # 第1维度(列)第0、1行被删除
print(">>>>p4>>>>\n",p4)

>>>>p1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]
>>>>p2>>>>
 [[ 1  3  4]
 [ 5  7  8]
 [ 9 11 12]]
>>>>p3>>>>
 [ 1  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12]
>>>>p4>>>>
 [[ 3  4]
 [ 7  8]
 [11 12]]

import numpy as np
matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]
q1 = np.insert(matrix, 1, [1,1,1,1], 0) # 第0维度(行)第1行添加[1,1,1,1]
print(">>>>q1>>>>\n",q1)
q2 = np.insert(matrix, 0, [1,1,1], 1) # 第1维度(列)第0列添加1,1,1
print(">>>>q2>>>>\n",q2)
q3 = np.insert(matrix, 3, [1,1,1,1], 0) # 第0维度(行)第3行添加[1,1,1,1]
print(">>>>q3>>>>\n",q3)

>>>>q1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  1  1  1]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]
>>>>q2>>>>
 [[ 1  1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  5  6  7  8]
 [ 1  9 10 11 12]]
>>>>q3>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]
 [ 1  1  1  1]]

import numpy as np
matrix = [
[1,2,3,4],
[5,6,7,8],
[9,10,11,12]
]
m1 = np.append(matrix,[[1,1,1,1]],axis=0)
print(">>>>m1>>>>\n",m1)
m2 = np.append(matrix,[[1],[1],[1]],axis=1)
print(">>>>m2>>>>\n",m2)
m3 = np.append(matrix,[1,1,1,1])
print(">>>>m3>>>>\n",m3)

>>>>m1>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]
 [ 1  1  1  1]]
>>>>m2>>>>
 [[ 1  2  3  4  1]
 [ 5  6  7  8  1]
 [ 9 10 11 12  1]]
>>>>m3>>>>
 [ 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  1  1  1]

import numpy as np
a1 = np.random.choice(7,5) # 从0~7中随机选择5个数组成一维数组
a1

array([4, 0, 4, 5, 5])

a2 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5) # 从给定list中随机选择5个数组成一维数组
a2

array([3, 3, 0, 5, 2])

a3 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5) # 将list换成array数组依然可以运行，效果一致
a3

array([5, 3, 1, 5, 0])

a4 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5,replace=False) # 上述均有重复，将replace设置为False，即可按要求没有重复的选取
a4

array([5, 0, 6, 2, 4])

a5 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5,p=[0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.4])
a5

array([2, 6, 4, 6, 3])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2],[0,3,6]])
a

array([[1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2],
       [0, 3, 6]])

b1 = np.argmax(a) # 将数组a拉平，最大值索引为9(初始索引为0)
b1

8

b2 = np.argmax(a, axis=0) # 按列选取最大值的索引
b2

array([1, 2, 2], dtype=int64)

b3 = np.argmax(a, axis=1) # 按行选取最大值的索引
b3

array([0, 0, 2], dtype=int64)

import numpy as np
y1 = np.linspace(-10.0,10.0) # 默认生成50个数据
y1

array([-10.        ,  -9.59183673,  -9.18367347,  -8.7755102 ,
        -8.36734694,  -7.95918367,  -7.55102041,  -7.14285714,
        -6.73469388,  -6.32653061,  -5.91836735,  -5.51020408,
        -5.10204082,  -4.69387755,  -4.28571429,  -3.87755102,
        -3.46938776,  -3.06122449,  -2.65306122,  -2.24489796,
        -1.83673469,  -1.42857143,  -1.02040816,  -0.6122449 ,
        -0.20408163,   0.20408163,   0.6122449 ,   1.02040816,
         1.42857143,   1.83673469,   2.24489796,   2.65306122,
         3.06122449,   3.46938776,   3.87755102,   4.28571429,
         4.69387755,   5.10204082,   5.51020408,   5.91836735,
         6.32653061,   6.73469388,   7.14285714,   7.55102041,
         7.95918367,   8.36734694,   8.7755102 ,   9.18367347,
         9.59183673,  10.        ])

y2 = np.linspace(1,10,10) # 生成10个数据，包括首尾
y2

array([ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9., 10.])

y3 = np.linspace(1,10,10,endpoint=False) # 不包括尾部数据
y3

array([1. , 1.9, 2.8, 3.7, 4.6, 5.5, 6.4, 7.3, 8.2, 9.1])

y4= np.linspace(1, 10, 6, retstep=True) # 将步长与结果的数组放入一个list、
y4

(array([ 1. ,  2.8,  4.6,  6.4,  8.2, 10. ]), 1.8)

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[1,2,3]])
x.flatten()

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])

x.ravel()

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])

x.ravel("F")

array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])

x.flatten("F")

array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])

x.flatten()[1] = 20
x

array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6],
       [1, 2, 3]])

x.ravel()[1] = 20
x

array([[ 1, 20,  3],
       [ 4,  5,  6],
       [ 1,  2,  3]])

x.reshape(1,-1) # 注意结果仍然是二维

array([[ 1, 20,  3,  4,  5,  6,  1,  2,  3]])

x = np.array([1,2,3,6,7,8]) # 注意操作的是数组，即原x是数组

x[:,None] # 转成列向量(二维矩阵)***

array([[1],
       [2],
       [3],
       [6],
       [7],
       [8]])

x[np.newaxis, :] # np.newaxis与None用法一致

array([[1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8]])

        x = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])
        np.prod(x)
        144

        np.prod(x,axis=1)

array([ 6, 24])

np.prod(x,axis=0)

array([ 2,  6, 12])

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

y1 = np.maximum(0,x) # 把小于0的元素置0，比改变x的值
y1

array([[1, 2, 3],
       [0, 2, 4],
       [5, 0, 9]])

y2 = np.minimum(0,x) # 把大于0的元素置0，不改变x的值
y2

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x1 = x.copy()
x1

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x1[x1 < 0] = 0 # 把小于0的元素置0，改变x1的值
x1

array([[1, 2, 3],
       [0, 2, 4],
       [5, 0, 9]])

x2 = x.copy()
x2[x2 > 0] = 0 # 把大于0的元素置0，改变x2的值
x2

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x1 = x.copy() # copy()，开辟新地址
x1[x1 > 0] = 0
x1

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x # x不变

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x2 = x # 直接等于，未开辟新地址，x2与x相关联
x2

array([[ 1,  2,  3],
       [-3,  2,  4],
       [ 5, -2,  9]])

x2[x2>0] = 0
x2

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x # x也改变

array([[ 0,  0,  0],
       [-3,  0,  0],
       [ 0, -2,  0]])

x = np.array([[1,2,3],[-3,2,4],[5,-2,9]])
x3 = x[2] # 取x的第3行
x3

array([ 5, -2,  9])

x3[2] = 100 # 将x3第3个元素置100
x # x中对应的元素置也被置成100了

array([[  1,   2,   3],
       [ -3,   2,   4],
       [  5,  -2, 100]])

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
np.zeros_like(x) # 生成一个和x大小相同的全零矩阵

array([[0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0]])

import numpy as np
n = np.random.rand(3,4)
n

array([[0.89921247, 0.30991482, 0.45746762, 0.21794473],
       [0.85491504, 0.51242857, 0.77726492, 0.76634544],
       [0.64148917, 0.14542568, 0.13649297, 0.94605455]])

import numpy as np
x = np.random.randn(2,3)
x

array([[-0.31695294, -0.6524936 , -1.36658805],
       [ 0.86376341,  1.04951893,  1.17611355]])

y = np.multiply(0.1,np.random.randn(2,3))+0.5 # 一般正太分布
y

array([[0.53234444, 0.33900669, 0.46962072],
       [0.49406977, 0.62072369, 0.39824254]])

import numpy as np
z = np.random.randint(2,9,(2,3))
z

array([[4, 3, 6],
       [6, 3, 6]])

m = np.random.randint(9,size = (2,3))
m

array([[6, 1, 8],
       [1, 7, 7]])

        x = "You are right"
        type(x)
        <class "str">

        assert type(x)==str, "x is not str"
        x = [1,2,3]
        type(x)
        <class "list">

        assert type(x)==str, "x is not str"
        Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "", line 1, in
        AssertionError: x is not str

  File "<ipython-input-60-26e0d69b64cd>", line 3
    <class "str">
    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

A = np.arange(95,99).reshape(2,2)
A

array([[95, 96],
       [97, 98]])

np.pad(A,((3,2),(2,3)),"constant",constant_values = (0,0))

array([[ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 95, 96,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 97, 98,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0]])

b = np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[3,4],[7,8]],[[4,5],[1,2]]])

b

array([[[1, 2],
        [3, 4]],

       [[3, 4],
        [7, 8]],

       [[4, 5],
        [1, 2]]])

np.pad(b, ((0,0),(1,1),(1,1)), "constant", constant_values = 0)

array([[[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 2, 0],
        [0, 3, 4, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]],

       [[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 3, 4, 0],
        [0, 7, 8, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]],

       [[0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 4, 5, 0],
        [0, 1, 2, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0]]])

import numpy as np
c = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
c

array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]])

c.astype(np.float32)

array([[1., 2.],
       [3., 4.]], dtype=float32)

import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,3,5])
y = np.array([4,6])
XX,YY = np.meshgrid(x,y)
XX

array([[1, 3, 5],
       [1, 3, 5]])

YY

array([[4, 4, 4],
       [6, 6, 6]])

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[3,4,5],[1,3,4]])
y = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
np.hstack((x,y)) # 水平堆叠

array([[3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2]])

np.vstack((x,y)) # 竖直堆叠

array([[3, 4, 5],
       [1, 3, 4],
       [1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2]])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([0.125,0.568,5.688])
np.round(a) # 四舍五入取整， np.around 和 round 用法一致

array([0., 1., 6.])

np.round(a,decimals = 2) # 四舍五入保留2位小数

array([0.12, 0.57, 5.69])

np.floor(a) # 向下取整

array([0., 0., 5.])

np.ceil(a) # 向上取整

array([1., 1., 6.])

import numpy as np
c = np.array([1,2,5,4])
c[:,np.newaxis]

array([[1],
       [2],
       [5],
       [4]])

c[np.newaxis,:]

array([[1, 2, 5, 4]])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
a = np.array([[1,2,3,6],[4,5,6,6]])
a1 = a.reshape((1,2,4))
a1

array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
        [4, 5, 6, 6]]])

b = np.array([[3,4,5,6],[1,2,3,4],[4,5,5,5]])
b

array([[3, 4, 5, 6],
       [1, 2, 3, 4],
       [4, 5, 5, 5]])

b1 = b.reshape((1,3,4)).transpose((1,0,2))
b1

array([[[3, 4, 5, 6]],

       [[1, 2, 3, 4]],

       [[4, 5, 5, 5]]])

a1

array([[[1, 2, 3, 6],
        [4, 5, 6, 6]]])

a1+b1

array([[[ 4,  6,  8, 12],
        [ 7,  9, 11, 12]],

       [[ 2,  4,  6, 10],
        [ 5,  7,  9, 10]],

       [[ 5,  7,  8, 11],
        [ 8, 10, 11, 11]]])

c = np.array([[[1,2,5],[3,4,6]],[[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]])
c

array([[[1, 2, 5],
        [3, 4, 6]],

       [[4, 5, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]]])

c.transpose(1,0,2) # 将c的维度按照 第1维度，第0维度，第2维度的排序排成 第0,1,2维度

array([[[1, 2, 5],
        [4, 5, 6]],

       [[3, 4, 6],
        [7, 8, 9]]])

c.transpose(1,2,0) # 将c的维度按照 第1维度，第2维度，第0维度的排序排成 第0,1,2维度

array([[[1, 4],
        [2, 5],
        [5, 6]],

       [[3, 7],
        [4, 8],
        [6, 9]]])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
a[0:7:2]

array([2, 3, 5, 6])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7])
a[0::2]

array([2, 3, 5, 6])