获得泛型与注解信息

反射操作泛型

• Java采用泛型擦除的机制来引入泛型，Java中的泛型仅仅给编译器javac使用的，确保数据的安全性和免去强制类型转换问题，但是，一旦编译完成，所有和泛型相关的类型全部擦除
• 为了通过反射操作这些类型，Java新增了ParameterizedType，GenericArrayType，TypeVariable，WildcardType 几种类型来代表不能被归一到Class类中的类型但是又和原始类型齐名的类型
• ParameterizedType：表示一种参数化类型，比如 Collection<String>
• GenericArrayType：表示一种元素类型是参数化类型或者类型变量的数组类型
• TypeVariable：是各种类型变量的公共父接口
• WildcardType：代表一种通配符类型表达式

例：

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

//通过反射获取泛型
public class Test10 {
    public void test01(Map<String,User> map, List<User> list){
        System.out.println("test01");
    }

    public Map<String,User> test02(){
        System.out.println("test02");
        return null;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Method method = Test10.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);

        Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
        for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
            System.out.println("##" + genericParameterType);
            if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
                Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                    System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
                }
            }
        }
        method = Test10.class.getMethod("test02");
        Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
        if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
            Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
            for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
            }
        }

    }

}

 

反射操作注解

• getAnnotations
• getAnnotation

练习：ORM

• 了解什么是ORM？
  • Object relationship Mapping ---> 对象关系映射
  • 类和表结构对应
  • 属性和字段对应
  • 对象和记录对应

例：

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

//练习反射操作注解
public class Test11 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.reflection.Student2");

        //通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }

        //获得注解value的值
        TableABC tableABC = (TableABC)c1.getAnnotation(TableABC.class);
        String value = tableABC.value();
        System.out.println(value);

        //获得类指定的注解
        Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
        FieldABC annotation = f.getAnnotation(FieldABC.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());

    }

}
@TableABC("db_student")
class Student2{
    @FieldABC(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @FieldABC(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int age;
    @FieldABC(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 3)
    private String name;

    public Student2() {
    }

    public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student2{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}


@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableABC{
    String value();
}

//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldABC{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}