子查询和嵌套查询

        本质：在where语句中嵌套一个子查询语句

例：

        查询数据库结构-1的所有考试结果（学号，科目名，成绩），降序排列

        方式一：使用连接查询

SELECT res.`student_no`,res.`subject_no`,res.`student_result`
FROM `result` res
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON res.`subject_no`=sub.`subject_no`
WHERE sub.`subject_name`='高等数学-2'
ORDER BY res.`student_result` DESC;

        方式二：使用子查询(由里及外)

SELECT res.`student_no`,res.`subject_no`,res.`student_result`
FROM `result` res
WHERE res.`subject_no` = (
  SELECT sub.`subject_no`
  FROM `subject` sub
  WHERE sub.`subject_name`='高等数学-2'
)
ORDER BY res.`student_result` DESC;

        分数不小于80分的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT DISTINCT stu.`student_no`,stu.`student_name`
FROM student stu
INNER JOIN result res
ON stu.`student_no`=res.`student_no`
WHERE res.`student_result` > 80;

        在这个基础上增加一个科目，查询课程为高等数学-2，且分数不小于80分的学生的学号和姓名

SELECT DISTINCT stu.`student_no`,stu.`student_name`
FROM student stu
INNER JOIN result res
ON stu.`student_no`=res.`student_no`
WHERE res.`student_result` > 80
AND res.`subject_no`=(
SELECT sub.`subject_no` FROM `subject` sub
WHERE sub.`subject_name`='高等数学-2'
);


SELECT DISTINCT stu.`student_no`,stu.`student_name`
FROM student stu
INNER JOIN result res
ON stu.`student_no`=res.`student_no`
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON res.`subject_no`=sub.`subject_no`
WHERE sub.`subject_name`='高等数学-2'
AND res.`student_result` > 80;

        再次改造（由里及外）

SELECT DISTINCT `student_no`,`student_name` FROM student WHERE student_no IN (
  SELECT student_no FROM result WHERE `student_result` > 80 AND subject_no = (
    SELECT subject_no FROM `subject` WHERE `subject_name`='高等数学-2'
  )
);

        运行结果：