Pandas数据结构

Pandas数据结构

• Series一维数组结构
• DataFrame表格型数组结构

导入模块pandas,numpy,matplotlib.pyplot
1 import pandas as pd
2 import numpy as np
3 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

• Series结构(一维数组)
  • 定义：类似于一维数组，由一组索引（数据标签，即行索引）和一组数据组成。
  • 创建一个Series：pd.Series()
  • 给Series方法传入一个列表
    • 1.不写index索引，即默认数据标签从0开始s1 = pd.Series(["a","b","c","d"])
    • 2.设置index索引，用“index=”来设置索引项s3 = pd.Series([1,2,3,4],index=["a","b","c","d"])
    • 3.传入一个字典{“key1”:“value1”,……}
      s4 = pd.Series({"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4})
  • 获取Series的索引值(index)和值(values方法)s1.index; s2.values
• DataFrame表格型数据结构
  • 定义：由一对索引（行索引、列索引）和一组数据组成
  • 创建一个DataFrame：pd.DataFrame()
  • 不设置行索引和列索引，默认都从0开始
    • 给DataFrame传入一个单一列表：d1 = pd.DataFrame(["a","b","c","d"])
    • 给DataFrame传入一个嵌套列表：d2 = pd.DataFrame([["a","A"],["b","B"],["c","C"],["d","D"]])或者是d2 = pd.DataFrame([("a","A"),("b","B"),("c","C"),("d","D")])
  • 设置行索引（index）、列索引（columns）：d3 = pd.DataFrame([["a","A"],["b","B"],["c","C"],["d","D"]],index=["一","二","三","四"],columns=["小写","大写"])
  • 给DataFrame传入一个字典data = {"小写":["a","b","c","d"],"大写":["A","B","C","D"]} d4 = pd.DataFrame(data)
    • 注意自定义索引：
      data = {"小写":["a","b","c","d"],"大写":["A","B","C","D"]} d5 = pd.DataFrame(data,index = ["一","二","三","四"])
  • 获取DataFrame的行索引(df1.index)和列索引(df1.columns)