一句话搞定ALV 功能完备超级简洁高效

eWind008

已于 2024-06-18 15:26:48 修改

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分类专栏： ABAP SAP 文章标签：运维开发语言

于 2024-01-08 10:17:27 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_48857357/article/details/135450154

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本文介绍了一种方法，通过一行代码即可实现大部分ALV报表展示，同时支持自定义功能，如PBO、PAI、layout等，减少了传统开发的重复工作，提升了开发效率。

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概述

一直以来，不论是新的项目或运维期间，进行得最多的开发可能就是ALV报表了。常规的报表开发方式总是需要自己写一大堆东西，而且每个报表写一遍，重复性的工作太多了。尽管可以复制粘贴，但总归还是非常不爽的，做一个资深的老码农，这一点是无法忍受的。

东西早就有了，只是最近才有时间再整理一下分享出来。

在程序完成取数逻辑之后，只需要一句话即可完成ALV展示。如果需要进一步的扩展，比如自定义status、layout、fieldcat或者其他sort、event也都是没问题的。总体能去掉传统ALV展示开发90%的工作量。

效果展示

几乎能实现标准ALV 90%以上的功能，满足绝大部分日常所需。

使用方法

1. 纯显示ALV

1.1 ALV结构定义

SE11定义用于ALV显示的结构，比较推荐用这种方式，可以避免多坑。比如：数量字段与单位字段的关联关系、有conversion字段的显示等等。而且在自定义结果事，可以自定义给出alv显示的列标题，如下图。

1.2 ALV调用

在报表程序中，完成数据读取和整理之后，存入内表（如：GT_DATA），然后按如下方式调用ALV显示的funciton。对于纯显示的报表，这一句就够了。

CALL FUNCTION 'ZFUNC_ALV_BASE'
EXPORTING
iv_internal_tabname = 'GT_DATA' ""内表名
iv_alv_struct = ' ZSVC_CONFIG_003_ALV'."" ALV结构名

2. 自定义PBO（可选）

程序里自己写一个form，里面自己写自己的逻辑就行了

*&---> custom PBO
FORM frm_pbo USING p_rt_extab.

ENDFORM.

3. 自定义PAI（可选）

程序里自己写一个form，里面自己写自己的逻辑就行了

*&---> custom PAI
FORM frm_pai USING r_ucomm LIKE sy-ucomm

rs_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.” TYPE slis_t_event.

ENDFORM.

4. 自定义layout（可选）

对于需要自定义layout的报表，就在程序里自己写一个form，里面自己写自己的逻辑就行了

*&---> custom layout
FORM frm_set_layout_palv CHANGING ls_layout type lvc_s_layo.

ENDFORM.

5. 自定义fieldcat（可选）

程序里自己写一个form，里面自己写自己的逻辑就行了

*&---> custom fieldcat
FORM frm_set_fcat TABLES lt_fcat STRUCTURE lvc_s_fcat.

ENDFORM.

6. 自定义SORT（可选）

程序里自己写一个form，里面自己写自己的逻辑就行了

*&---> custom SORT
FORM frm_set_sort TABLES lt_sort TYPE lvc_t_sort.

ENDFORM.

7. 自定义event（可选）

程序里自己写一个form，里面自己写自己的逻辑就行了

*&---> custom EVENT
FORM frm_set_events TABLES lt_event TYPE slis_t_event.

ENDFORM.

代码实现

1. Function

新建一个function，名字自取。

FUNCTION zfunc_alv_base.
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*"*"Local interface:
*"  IMPORTING
*"     VALUE(IV_INTERNAL_TABNAME) TYPE  TABNAME
*"     VALUE(IV_ALV_STRUCT) TYPE  TABNAME
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------

  DATA:
    lv_tabname TYPE tabname,
    lv_title TYPE  lvc_title,
    ls_layout  TYPE  lvc_s_layo,
    lt_fcat  TYPE  lvc_t_fcat,
    lt_event TYPE  slis_t_event,
    lt_sort  TYPE  lvc_t_sort.

  FIELD-SYMBOLS:
    <ft_data> TYPE STANDARD TABLE.

  lv_tabname = |({ sy-cprog }){ iv_internal_tabname }|.

  ASSIGN (lv_tabname) TO <ft_data>.

  CHECK <ft_data> IS NOT INITIAL.


*&---> layout
  ls_layout-cwidth_opt  = 'X'.
  ls_layout-zebra       = 'X'.

  PERFORM frm_set_layout_palv IN PROGRAM (sy-cprog) IF FOUND
                               CHANGING  ls_layout.

  "" Sample 
*  FORM frm_set_layout_palv CHANGING ls_layout type lvc_s_layo.
*
*  ENDFORM.

*&---> fieldcat

  PERFORM frm_set_fieldcat      TABLES    lt_fcat
                                USING     iv_alv_struct.

  PERFORM frm_set_fcat IN PROGRAM (sy-cprog) IF FOUND
                       TABLES lt_fcat.

  "" Sample 
*  FORM frm_set_fcat TABLES lt_fcat STRUCTURE lvc_s_fcat.
*
**    DELETE lt_fcat WHERE fieldname+0(4) = 'UPD_'.
*
*  ENDFORM.

*&---> Event

  PERFORM frm_set_events IN PROGRAM (sy-cprog) IF FOUND
                               TABLES    lt_event.

  "" Sample 
*  FORM frm_set_events TABLES lt_event TYPE slis_t_event.
*
*  ENDFORM.

  PERFORM frm_set_sort IN PROGRAM (sy-cprog) IF FOUND
                               TABLES    lt_sort.

  "" Sample
*  FORM frm_set_sort TABLES lt_sort TYPE lvc_t_sort.
*lt_sort-fieldname = 'BUKRS'.
*  lt_sort-spos = 1.
*  lt_sort-up = abap_true.
*  lt_sort-subtot = abap_true.
*  APPEND lt_sort.
*  ENDFORM.


*&---> Show ALV
  CLEAR gcl_alv_base.

  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC'
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program       = sy-repid
      i_grid_title             = lv_title
      is_layout_lvc            = ls_layout
      it_fieldcat_lvc          = lt_fcat
      it_events                = lt_event
      it_sort_lvc              = lt_sort
      i_callback_pf_status_set = 'USERSTATUS'
      i_callback_user_command  = 'USERCOMMAND'
      i_save                   = 'A'
    TABLES
      t_outtab                 = <ft_data>.


ENDFUNCTION.

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  userstatus
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*      -->P_RT_EXTAB text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM userstatus  USING p_rt_extab.
*  DATA: gl_alv TYPE REF TO cl_gui_alv_grid.


  SET PF-STATUS 'STATUS_BASE'.

  PERFORM frm_pbo IN PROGRAM (sy-cprog) IF FOUND
                     USING p_rt_extab.

  IF gcl_alv_base IS INITIAL.
    CALL FUNCTION 'GET_GLOBALS_FROM_SLVC_FULLSCR'
      IMPORTING
        e_grid = gcl_alv_base.

    CALL METHOD gcl_alv_base->register_edit_event
      EXPORTING
        i_event_id = cl_gui_alv_grid=>mc_evt_modified.

    CALL METHOD gcl_alv_base->register_edit_event
      EXPORTING
        i_event_id = cl_gui_alv_grid=>mc_evt_enter.

  ENDIF.

  "" Sample 
*  FORM frm_pbo USING p_rt_extab.

*  IF gv_grid IS INITIAL .
*    CALL FUNCTION 'GET_GLOBALS_FROM_SLVC_FULLSCR'
*      IMPORTING
*        e_grid = gv_grid.
*
*    CALL METHOD gv_grid->register_edit_event
*      EXPORTING
*        i_event_id = cl_gui_alv_grid=>mc_evt_modified.
*
*    CALL METHOD gv_grid->register_edit_event
*      EXPORTING
*        i_event_id = cl_gui_alv_grid=>mc_evt_enter.
*  ENDIF.

*    CASE ck_test.
*      WHEN 'X'.
*        SET TITLEBAR 'TITLE_TEST'.
*      WHEN OTHERS.
*        SET TITLEBAR 'TITLE_001'.
*    ENDCASE.
*
*  ENDFORM.
ENDFORM.                    "USERSTATUS

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  usercommand
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*      -->R_UCOMM      text
*      -->RS_SELFIELD  text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM usercommand USING r_ucomm     LIKE sy-ucomm
                       rs_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.

  rs_selfield-refresh = 'X' .
  rs_selfield-col_stable = 'X' .
  rs_selfield-row_stable = 'X' .


  CALL METHOD gcl_alv_base->check_changed_data( ).

  PERFORM frm_pai IN PROGRAM (sy-cprog) IF FOUND
                       USING r_ucomm
                             rs_selfield .


  "" Sample 
*FORM frm_pai USING r_ucomm     LIKE sy-ucomm
*                       rs_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.
*  IF r_ucomm EQ '&IC1'.
*
*    CHECK rs_selfield-value IS NOT INITIAL.
*
*    CASE rs_selfield-fieldname .
*      WHEN 'VBELN'.
*        SET PARAMETER ID 'AUN' FIELD rs_selfield-value .
*        CALL TRANSACTION 'VA03' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN .
*      WHEN OTHERS.
*    ENDCASE.
*  ENDIF.
*ENDFORM.

ENDFORM .                    "usercommand
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  frm_set_fieldcat
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*      -->LT_FCAT    text
*      -->LV_FNAME   text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM frm_set_fieldcat TABLES lt_fcat STRUCTURE lvc_s_fcat
                         USING  lv_fname.

  DATA: lv_struc_ty TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr, "" struct
        lt_fldlist  TYPE TABLE OF dfies INITIAL SIZE 0
                    WITH HEADER LINE,"" fields
        lv_sname    TYPE tabname." struc name


  lv_sname = lv_fname.

  CLEAR lt_fcat .
  CALL FUNCTION 'LVC_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
    EXPORTING
      i_structure_name       = lv_sname
      i_client_never_display = 'X'
    CHANGING
      ct_fieldcat            = lt_fcat[]
    EXCEPTIONS
      OTHERS                 = 1.


  "" 读取结构属性
  lv_struc_ty ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( lv_fname ).

  CALL METHOD lv_struc_ty->get_ddic_field_list
    EXPORTING
      p_including_substructres = 'X'
    RECEIVING
      p_field_list             = lt_fldlist[]
    EXCEPTIONS
      not_found                = 1
      no_ddic_type             = 2
      OTHERS                   = 3.

  SORT lt_fldlist BY fieldname.

  LOOP AT lt_fcat.

    lt_fcat-col_opt = 'X'.””自动优化列宽，适用于可编辑ALV

    IF lt_fcat-domname IS NOT INITIAL.

      READ TABLE lt_fldlist BINARY SEARCH
      WITH KEY  fieldname = lt_fcat-fieldname.

      CHECK sy-subrc EQ 0.

      lt_fcat-reptext   = lt_fldlist-fieldtext.
      lt_fcat-coltext   = lt_fldlist-fieldtext.
      lt_fcat-scrtext_l = lt_fldlist-fieldtext.
      lt_fcat-scrtext_m = lt_fldlist-fieldtext.
      lt_fcat-scrtext_s = lt_fldlist-fieldtext.
    ENDIF.

    MODIFY lt_fcat.

  ENDLOOP.

ENDFORM.                    "frm_get_struct_fields