【Android开发基础】三种常见的适配器（Adapter）

一、简述

• 描述：适配器（Adapter）基本每个大项目里都有使用，从说说布局到操作模块布局，适配器（Adapter）一直起着至关重要的作用。
• 难度：初级
• 知识点：适配器（Adapter）的使用

Android中常用的三种适配器

二、添加配置（build.gradle）

implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'

三、数据实体（Data）

public class Data {

    String name;
    int image;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getImage() {
        return image;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setImage(int image) {
        this.image = image;
    }
}

四、三种常见的适配器

1、List适配器

• UI布局（item_list.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:padding="15dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageList"
        android:layout_width="@dimen/itemMaterialImage"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/itemMaterialImage"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/nameList"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/itemMaterialNameW"
        android:layout_marginLeft="18dp"
        android:textSize="50px"/>

</LinearLayout>

• 数据绑定类（ListAdapter.java）

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.R;
import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.bean.Data;

import java.util.List;

public class ListAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<ListAdapter.ViewHolder> {

    private List<Data> listData;

    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        View fileView;
        ImageView imageList;
        TextView nameList;

        public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            fileView = itemView;
            imageList = itemView.findViewById(R.id.imageList);
            nameList = itemView.findViewById(R.id.nameList);
        }
    }

    // 获取到数据
    public ListAdapter(List<Data> list) {
        this.listData = list;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public ListAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull final ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_list,parent,false);
        final ListAdapter.ViewHolder holder = new ListAdapter.ViewHolder(view);

        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ListAdapter.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        // 数据绑定
        final Data data = listData.get(position);
        holder.imageList.setImageResource(data.getImage());
        holder.nameList.setText(data.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return listData.size();
    }

}

2、Grid适配器

• UI布局（item_grid.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_margin="5dp"
    android:padding="5dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageGrid"
        android:layout_width="80dp"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="160dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
        android:gravity="center">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/nameGrid"
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"/>

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

• 数据绑定类（GridAdapter.java）

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.R;
import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.bean.Data;

import java.util.List;

public class GridAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<GridAdapter.ViewHolder> {

    private List<Data> dataList;

    //绑定android界面控件
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        View fileView;
        ImageView imageGrid;
        TextView nameGrid;
        public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            fileView = itemView;
            imageGrid = itemView.findViewById(R.id.imageGrid);
            nameGrid = itemView.findViewById(R.id.nameGrid);
        }
    }

    public GridAdapter(List<Data> list) {
        // 初始化点击数据
        this.dataList = list;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull final ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_grid,parent,false);
        final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);

        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        final Data d = dataList.get(position);
        holder.imageGrid.setImageResource(d.getImage());
        /** --------------------end---------------------- **/
        holder.nameGrid.setText(d.getName());
    }
    
    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return dataList.size();
    }

}

3、Horizontal适配器

• UI界面（item_h.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:paddingLeft="15dp"
    android:paddingRight="15dp"
    android:paddingTop="8dp"
    android:paddingBottom="8dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageH"
        android:layout_width="10dp"
        android:layout_height="10dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="5dp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/nameH"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="30dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_toEndOf="@+id/imageH" />

</RelativeLayout>

• 数据绑定类（HorizontalAdapter.java）

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.R;
import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.bean.Data;

import java.util.List;

public class HorizontalAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<HorizontalAdapter.ViewHolder> {

    private List<Data> listData;

    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        View fileView;
        ImageView imageList;
        TextView nameList;

        public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            fileView = itemView;
            imageList = itemView.findViewById(R.id.imageH);
            nameList = itemView.findViewById(R.id.nameH);
        }
    }

    // 获取到数据
    public HorizontalAdapter(List<Data> list) {
        this.listData = list;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public HorizontalAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull final ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_h,parent,false);
        final HorizontalAdapter.ViewHolder holder = new HorizontalAdapter.ViewHolder(view);

        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull HorizontalAdapter.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        // 数据绑定
        final Data data = listData.get(position);
        holder.imageList.setImageResource(data.getImage());
        holder.nameList.setText(data.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return listData.size();
    }

}

五、XXActivity配置

1、适配器初始化

（1）List适配器

    // List适配器
    private void getListAdapter() {
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(1,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        r2.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        ListAdapter adapter = new ListAdapter(dataList);
        r2.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

（2）grid适配器

    // grid适配器
    private void getGridAdapter() {
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(2,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        r2.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        GridAdapter adapter = new GridAdapter(dataList);
        r2.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

（3）Horizontal适配器

	// Horizontal适配器
    private void getHorizontalAdapter() {
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        layoutManager.setOrientation(RecyclerView.HORIZONTAL);
        r1.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        HorizontalAdapter adapter = new HorizontalAdapter(h);
        r1.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

2、UI界面（activity_main.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="?attr/actionBarSize"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/qh"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="切换布局"
        android:layout_margin="15dp"/>

    <!--    图层一：基础模块   -->
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_marginTop="40dp"
        android:gravity="center">

        <!--    listFileType模块    -->
        <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/r1"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:paddingLeft="8dp"
            android:paddingRight="8dp"/>

        <!--    listFile模块    -->
        <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/r2"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
            android:paddingLeft="8dp"
            android:paddingRight="8dp"/>

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

2、具体代码（MainActivity.java）

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.adapter.GridAdapter;
import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.adapter.HorizontalAdapter;
import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.adapter.ListAdapter;
import com.hngy.xpq.adapterdemo.bean.Data;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    RecyclerView r1, r2;
    Button qh;
    boolean index = true;
    List<Data> h;
    List<Data> dataList;    // 获取到具体生成数据的地址

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        // 绑定控件
        onclick();
        // 获取数据，这里就不连接服务器接收数据了，主要还是为了copy的初学者能运行成功
        dataList = generateData();
        h = HorizontalData();
        // 初始化布局
        init();
    }

    private void onclick() {
        r1 = findViewById(R.id.r1);
        r2 = findViewById(R.id.r2);
        qh = findViewById(R.id.qh);
        // 切换布局
        qh.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (index) {
                    getGridAdapter();
                } else {
                    getListAdapter();
                }
                index = !index;
            }
        });
    }

    private List<Data> generateData() {
        // 具体生成的数据
        List<Data> temp = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
            Data data = new Data();
            data.setImage(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background);
            data.setName("item-" + i);
            temp.add(data);
        }
        return temp;
    }

    private List<Data> HorizontalData() {
        // 具体生成的数据
        List<Data> temp = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Data data = new Data();
            data.setImage(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground);
            data.setName("操作-" + i);
            temp.add(data);
        }
        return temp;
    }

    private void init() {
        // 生成布局
        getListAdapter();
        getHorizontalAdapter();
    }

    // Horizontal适配器
    private void getHorizontalAdapter() {
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        layoutManager.setOrientation(RecyclerView.HORIZONTAL);
        r1.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        HorizontalAdapter adapter = new HorizontalAdapter(h);
        r1.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    // List适配器
    private void getListAdapter() {
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(1,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        r2.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        ListAdapter adapter = new ListAdapter(dataList);
        r2.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    // grid适配器
    private void getGridAdapter() {
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(2,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        r2.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        GridAdapter adapter = new GridAdapter(dataList);
        r2.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

}

六、附件

git下载