信号与槽中形参用法浅析

九江在天

已于 2023-02-16 13:53:55 修改

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分类专栏：信号与槽形参解析文章标签： qt 开发语言 Powered by 金山文档

于 2023-02-16 13:39:14 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_48975991/article/details/129057032

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用QSharedPointer进行形参传递：

需要申请堆内存空间，以Student类为例，如下为Student类代码：

//student.h文件
#ifndef STUDENT_H
#define STUDENT_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QThread>
class Student : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Student(QObject *parent = nullptr,QString str = "I'm student.");
    Student(const Student& arr);
    ~Student();

public:
    QString name;
signals:

};

#endif // STUDENT_H
//student.cpp文件
#include "student.h"

Student::Student(QObject *parent,QString str) : QObject(parent),name(str)
{
    qDebug() << "Student new:" <<  "  currentId:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
}


Student::Student(const Student& arr)
{
    this->name = arr.name;

}

Student::~Student()
{
    qDebug() <<"Student delete:"<<this->name <<"  currentId:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
}

现在创建一个信号类 Connection2EWSignal ，负责发送信号，如下所示,在start()函数中，定义并初始化了智能指针类型的stu：

//connection2ewsignal.h
#ifndef CONNECTION2EWSIGNAL_H
#define CONNECTION2EWSIGNAL_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QThread>
#include <QDebug>
#include  "student.h"
class Connection2EWSignal : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Connection2EWSignal(QObject *parent = nullptr);

signals:
    //处理接收过来的udp消息
    void dealUDPReadReadySignal(QSharedPointer<Student> aa); 
public slots:
    void start()
    {
        QByteArray arr("nihaoj;kj;lkj;lk;lkdfasfsdafasdffffsaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaagfdgggggggggdagfdagfdsafdsfadsfasfsdfsdfsdfsdfasdfsfsdfsadfsdfsdfsdfasfddafsafasfsafsadfsdafasdfsdfsdffddsafsdfsdfasfasfdsfsdfasdfsafasfdasdfasdfasfsdfdfsfsf111");
        //Student stu(nullptr,"funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt.");
        qDebug() <<"EWSignal:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
        QSharedPointer<Student> stu(new Student(nullptr,"funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt."));
        emit dealUDPReadReadySignal(stu);
        qDebug() <<"EWSignalEND:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
    }

};

#endif // CONNECTION2EWSIGNAL_H


//connection2ewsignal.cpp
#include "connection2ewsignal.h"

Connection2EWSignal::Connection2EWSignal(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{

}

下面创建槽接收类Connection2EW，负责接收数据。如下代码所示：

//connection2ew.h 文件
#ifndef CONNECTION2EW_H
#define CONNECTION2EW_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QThread>
#include "student.h"
class Connection2EW : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Connection2EW(QObject *parent = nullptr);

public slots:

    //处理接收过来的udp消息
//    void dealUDPReadReady(const Student &aa)
//    {
//       QThread::sleep(1);
//       qDebug() <<"EW:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
//       qDebug() <<"dealUDPReadReady:"<< aa.name;
//    }

    void dealUDPReadReady(QSharedPointer<Student> aa)
    {
       QThread::sleep(1);
       qDebug() <<"EW:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
       qDebug() <<"dealUDPReadReady:"<< aa->name;
    }

    void start()
    {

    }

};

#endif // CONNECTION2EW_H


//connection2ew.cpp 文件
#include "connection2ew.h"

Connection2EW::Connection2EW(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{

}

下面是main.cpp文件内容，main()函数的具体工作是注册自定义Student类型作为信号与槽可以识别的类型，然后，实例化了Connection2EW、Connection2EWSignal对象，并分别放入不同的线程，并分别启动各个线程。

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QThread>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include "connection2ew.h"
#include "connection2ewsignal.h"
#include <QDateTime>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    qRegisterMetaType<Student>("Student");
    qRegisterMetaType<Student>("Student&");
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    qDebug() <<"MAIN:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
    QList<QObject*> pObjList;
    Connection2EW *pEW = new Connection2EW(nullptr);
    pObjList.append(pEW);
    Connection2EWSignal *pEWSignal = new Connection2EWSignal(nullptr);
    pObjList.append(pEWSignal);

    QObject::connect(pEWSignal,&Connection2EWSignal::dealUDPReadReadySignal,pEW,&Connection2EW::dealUDPReadReady,Qt::QueuedConnection);

    foreach(auto pObj, pObjList)
    {
        QThread* thread = new QThread();
        QObject::connect(thread, SIGNAL(started()), pObj, SLOT(start()));

        //        QObject::connect(thread, SIGNAL(finished()), pObj, SLOT(deletelater()));
        //        QObject::connect(thread, SIGNAL(finished()), thread, SLOT(deletelater()));

        pObj->moveToThread(thread);
        thread->start();
    }

    qDebug() << QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss zzz");

    return a.exec();
}

程序运行后，输出：

EWSignal: 0x3a9c

Student new: currentId: 0x3a9c

EWSignalEND: 0x3a9c

"2023-02-16 10:39:39 116"

EW: 0x44d4

dealUDPReadReady: "funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt."

Student delete: "funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt." currentId: 0x44d4

根据输出可以分析出，Student类只实例化了一次，并在槽函数作用域运行结束后，这块内存释放。

优点：相当于在指针加了一个外壳，传递的是智能指针，引用计数加一，不会再进行复制构造函数，大大降低传递过程中系统开销。

注意事项：不能强制以栈对象取地址的方式，初始化智能指针，这样会导致内存不安全。

用const Student &进行形参传递：

connection2ew.h文件更改后如下：

#ifndef CONNECTION2EW_H
#define CONNECTION2EW_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QThread>
#include "student.h"
class Connection2EW : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Connection2EW(QObject *parent = nullptr);

public slots:

    //处理接收过来的udp消息
    void dealUDPReadReady(const Student &aa)
    {
       QThread::sleep(1);
       qDebug() <<"EW:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
       qDebug() <<"dealUDPReadReady:"<< aa.name;
    }

//    void dealUDPReadReady(QSharedPointer<Student> aa)
//    {
//       QThread::sleep(1);
//       qDebug() <<"EW:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
//       qDebug() <<"dealUDPReadReady:"<< aa->name;
//    }

    void start()
    {

    }

};

#endif // CONNECTION2EW_H

connection2ewsignal.h文件更改后如下：

#ifndef CONNECTION2EWSIGNAL_H
#define CONNECTION2EWSIGNAL_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QThread>
#include <QDebug>
#include  "student.h"
class Connection2EWSignal : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit Connection2EWSignal(QObject *parent = nullptr);

signals:
    //处理接收过来的udp消息
    //void dealUDPReadReadySignal(QSharedPointer<Student> aa);
    void dealUDPReadReadySignal(const Student &aa);
public slots:
    void start()
    {
        QByteArray arr("nihaoj;kj;lkj;lk;lkdfasfsdafasdffffsaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaagfdgggggggggdagfdagfdsafdsfadsfasfsdfsdfsdfsdfasdfsfsdfsadfsdfsdfsdfasfddafsafasfsafsadfsdafasdfsdfsdffddsafsdfsdfasfasfdsfsdfasdfsafasfdasdfasdfasfsdfdfsfsf111");
        Student stu(nullptr,"funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt.");
        qDebug() <<"EWSignal:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
        //QSharedPointer<Student> stu(new Student(nullptr,"funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt."));
        emit dealUDPReadReadySignal(stu);
        qDebug() <<"EWSignalEND:"<< QThread::currentThreadId();
    }

};

#endif // CONNECTION2EWSIGNAL_H

执行程序，结果如下：

MAIN: 0x4968

Student new: currentId: 0x43f4

EWSignal: 0x43f4

EWSignalEND: 0x43f4

Student delete: "funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt." currentId: 0x43f4

"2023-02-16 11:34:39 267"

EW: 0x8b4

dealUDPReadReady: "funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt."

Student delete: "funckwereretrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt." currentId: 0x8b4

通过分析发现,const Student &aa失去了意义，Student传递过程中与Student作为形参是一样的效果。

使用建议：避免这么操作。

用qt自带的QByteArray,QString 这种隐式共享方式进行参数传递，效率高，享元模式。

源代码下载链接：https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_48975991/87454412

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信号与槽中形参用法浅析

下面是main.cpp文件内容，main()函数的具体工作是注册自定义Student类型作为信号与槽可以识别的类型，然后，实例化了Connection2EW、Connection2EWSignal对象，并分别放入不同的线程，并分别启动各个线程。优点：相当于在指针加了一个外壳，传递的是智能指针，引用计数加一，不会再进行复制构造函数，大大降低传递过程中系统开销。根据输出可以分析出，Student类只实例化了一次，并在槽函数作用域运行结束后，这块内存释放。使用建议：避免这么操作。
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