HttpClient

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于 2023-12-26 10:42:47 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49042937/article/details/135215825

版权

HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。

HttpClient的作用是发送HTTP请求和接收响应数据。

HttpClient的maven坐标

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
	<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
	<version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

HttpClient的核心API

HttpClient：Http客户端对象类型，使用该类型对象可发起Http请求。

HttpClients：可认为是构建器，可创建HttpClient对象。

CloseableHttpClient：实现类，实现了HttpClient接口。

HttpGet：Get方式请求类型。

HttpPost：Post方式请求类型。

HttpClient的发送请求步骤

1.创建HttpClient对象

2.创建Http请求对象

3.调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求

GET方式请求

步骤

1.创建HttpClient对象

2.创建请求对象

3.发送请求，接受响应结果

4.解析结果

5.关闭资源

package com.sky;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.io.IOException;

@SpringBootTest
public class HttpClientTest {
    //GET方式
    @Test
    public void testGet() throws IOException {

        //创建HttpClient
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //创建请求对象  填写自己所需路径
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");
        //发送请求
        CloseableHttpResponse execute = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
        //获取响应的返回状态码
        int statusCode = execute.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("返回状态码："+statusCode);
        HttpEntity entity = execute.getEntity();
        String string = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        System.out.println("服务端返回响应体："+string);

        //释放资源
        execute.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }

POST方式请求

1.创建HttpClient对象

2.创建请求对象

3.发送请求，接收响应结果

4.解析响应结果

5.关闭资源

package com.sky;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.io.IOException;

@SpringBootTest
public class HttpClientTest {

    //POST方式
    @Test
    public void testPost() throws Exception {

        //创建HttpClient
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        //创建请求对象   填写自己所需路径
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");
        //组装参数
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("username","admin");
        jsonObject.put("password","123456");
        StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());
        //指定编码方式
        stringEntity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
        //设置数据格式
        stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);

        //发送请求
        CloseableHttpResponse execute = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        //获取响应的返回状态码
        int statusCode = execute.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("返回状态码："+statusCode);
        HttpEntity entity = execute.getEntity();
        String string = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        System.out.println("服务端返回响应体："+string);

        //释放资源
        execute.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }
}