【SpringMVC】03：异常处理

第三章：SpringMVC拦截器

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一、SpringMVC拦截器

SpringMVC中的拦截器类似于Srevlet开发中的过滤器Filter，用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。

将拦截器按照一定的顺序连接成一条链，称为拦截器链（Interceptor Chain），拦截器也是AOP思想的具体实现。

1.自定义拦截器：

1. 创建拦截器类实现HandlerInterceptor接口
2. 在spring-mvc.xml中配置拦截器
3. 拦截效果测试

package com.itcast.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //1.在目标方法执行之前执行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandler......");
        String param = request.getParameter("param");
        if ("param".equals("yes")) {
            return true;
        } else {
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/jsp/error.jsp").forward(request, response);
            return false;
        }
    }

    //2.在目标方法执行只有、视图对象返回之前执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle......");
    }

    //3.在整个流程都执行完毕之后 执行
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion......");
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--1.配置spring-->
    <!--全局化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!--Spring监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!--2.配置springmvc-->
    <!--springmvc前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--加载配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--1.mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--2.配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!--3.静态资源访问权限开放-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--4.注解扫描 扫描controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itcast.controller"/>

    <!--配置spring拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--对那些资源进行拦截操作-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.itcast.interceptor.MyInterceptor1"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>

2.拦截器实现登录

（1）用户在没有登录的情况下：

用户在没有登录的情况下不能对后台菜单进行访问操作，如果访问任何页面则将强制跳转到登录页面。

package com.itcast.interceptor;

import com.itcast.domain.User;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

public class PrivilegeInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        //判断用户是否登录 session中有没有user信息
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        User user = (User) session.getAttribute("user");
        if (user == null) {
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/login.jsp");
            return false;
        }
        return true;//放行访问目标资源
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--1.mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--2.配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    <!--3.静态资源访问权限开放-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--4.注解扫描 扫描controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itcast.controller"/>
    <!--配置权限拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--配置对哪些资源进行拦截操作-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <!--配置哪些资源排除拦截操作-->
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/user/login"/>
            <bean class="com.itcast.interceptor.PrivilegeInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>

（2）用户登录进行登录操作：

只有用户登录成功后才能对后台功能进行操作：

<div class="login-box-body">
	<p class="login-box-msg">登录系统</p>
	<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
		<div class="form-group has-feedback">
			<input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名"> <span
				class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span>
		</div>
		<div class="form-group has-feedback">
			<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" placeholder="密码"> <span
				class="glyphicon glyphicon-lock form-control-feedback"></span>
		</div>
		<div class="row">
			<div class="col-xs-8">
				<div class="checkbox icheck">
					<label><input type="checkbox"> 记住 下次自动登录</label>
				</div>
			</div>
			<!-- /.col -->
			<div class="col-xs-4">
				<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-flat">登录</button>
			</div>
			<!-- /.col -->
		</div>
	</form>
	<a href="#">忘记密码</a><br>
</div>

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String username, String password, HttpSession session) {
        User user = userService.login(username, password);
        if (user != null) {
            //登录成功将user存储到session中
            session.setAttribute("user", user);
            return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        }
        return "redirect:/login.jsp";
    }
}

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    //userDao依赖注入
    private UserDao userDao;
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public User login(String username, String password) {
        User user = userDao.findByUsernameAndPassword(username, password);
        return user;
    }
}

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    //注入jdbc模板
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }

    public User findByUsernameAndPassword(String username, String password) {
        User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from sys_user where username = ? and password = ?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), username, password);
        return user;
    }
}

二、SpringMVC异常处理

1.异常处理的思路：

系统中异常包括两类：预期异常和运行时异常RuntimeException，

前者通过捕获异常从而获取异常信息，后者通过规范代码开发、测试等手段减少运行时异常的发生。

系统的Dao、Service、Controller层出现都通过throwsException向上抛出异常，最后通过SpringMVC前端控制器交给异常处理器处理：

2.异常处理的方式：

（1）SimpleMappingExceptionResolver

使用SpringMVC提供的简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver进行异常处理，

SpringMVC已经定义了该类型转换器，在使用时可以根据项目情况进行相应异常与视图的映射配置：

（2）HandlerExceptionResolver接口实现

实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver自定义自己的异常处理器，

1. 创建异常处理器类实现HandlerExceptionResolver
2. 配置异常处理器
3. 编写异常页面
4. 测试

public class MyExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        if (e instanceof MyException) {
             modelAndView.addObject("infor", "自定义异常");
        } else if (e instanceof ClassCastException) {
            modelAndView.addObject("infor", "类型转换异常");
        }
        modelAndView.setViewName("error");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

<bean class="com.itcast.resolver.MyExceptionResolver"/>