django 发送邮件验证码

一、前言

1、邮箱有几种类型？

邮箱分为企业邮箱，如:腾讯企业邮箱、网易企业邮箱、阿里企业邮箱、新浪企业邮箱、zoho企业邮箱。个人邮箱，如:QQ邮箱、163网易邮箱、sina新浪邮箱。

2、TCL&SSL是什么？

django中发送邮件，我们一般使用SMTP服务。SMTP发送邮件时常用的协议有TCL和SSL。
zoho企业邮箱的常用配置(出意味着发送邮件)，如下：

3、django授权码？

在django下利用SMTP发送邮件时我们会关注到授权码这个字眼，在我利用到企业邮箱发送邮件以后，我才了解到，企业邮箱是没有授权码字眼的，所谓的的授权码，相对个人邮箱而言是开启SMTP服务时设置的一串字符。
那么，在django中，企业邮箱发送邮件setting配置EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD应使用是什么呢？其实就是我们登录企业邮箱时的密码。

二、邮箱配置

1、自行百度
2、个人邮箱而言，需要开启SMTP服务，拿到授权码。
3、企业邮箱而言，设置中查看参数

三.settings 配置

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.xxx.com'         # 服务器/主机,qq邮箱是smtp.qq.com,163是smtp.163.com，zoho企业邮箱是smtp.zoho.com.cn
EMAIL_PORT = 123                    # 发送邮件时端口，根据实际情况填写:qq默认587，163默认25，zoho默认465
EMAIL_HOST_USER = "xxx@yyy.com"     # 邮箱账号
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = "********"    # 密码 (个人邮箱时为授权码，企业邮箱时为登录密码)
EMAIL_FROM = EMAIL_HOST_USER        # 邮箱来自
EMAIL_USE_SSL = True                # SMTP利用SSL协议时使用，常用于企业邮箱，依实际情况选择是否打开
# EMAIL_USE_TLS = False               # SMTP利用TLS协议时使用，常用于个人邮箱，依实际情况选择是否打开

四、添加电子邮箱验证 model

# 邮箱验证
class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
    # 验证码
    code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="验证码")
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name="邮箱")
    # 包含注册验证和找回验证
    send_type = models.CharField(verbose_name="验证码类型", max_length=10,
                                 choices=(("register", "注册"), ("forget", "找回密码")))
    send_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="发送时间", default=datetime.datetime.now())

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"2. 邮箱验证码"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __unicode__(self):
        return '{0}({1})'.format(self.code, self.email)

五、发送邮件函数 email_send.py

from random import Random  # 用于生成随机码
from django.core.mail import send_mail  # 发送邮件模块
from app01.models import EmailVerifyRecord  # 邮箱验证model
from django.conf import settings    # setting.py添加的的配置信息

import datetime


# 生成随机字符串
def random_str(randomlength=8):
    """
    随机字符串
    :param randomlength: 字符串长度
    :return: String 类型字符串
    """
    str = ''
    chars = 'AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789'
    length = len(chars) - 1
    random = Random()
    for i in range(randomlength):
        str += chars[random.randint(0, length)]
    return str


# 发送电子邮件
def send_code_email(email, send_type="register"):
    """
    发送电子邮件
    :param email: 要发送的邮箱
    :param send_type: 邮箱类型
    :return: True/False
    """
    email_record = EmailVerifyRecord()
    # 将给用户发的信息保存在数据库中
    code = random_str(16)
    email_record.code = code
    email_record.email = email
    email_record.send_type = send_type
    email_record.send_time = datetime.datetime.now()
    email_record.save()
    # 初始化为空
    email_title = ""
    email_body = ""
    # 如果为注册类型
    if send_type == "register":
        email_title = "注册激活"
        # email_body = "请点击下面的链接激活你的账号:http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}".format(code)
        email_body = "您的邮箱注册验证码为：{0}, 该验证码有效时间为两分钟，请及时进行验证。".format(code)
        # 发送邮件
        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, settings.EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        if not send_status:
            return False
    if send_type == "retrieve":
        email_title = "找回密码"
        email_body = "您的邮箱注册验证码为：{0}, 该验证码有效时间为两分钟，请及时进行验证。".format(code)
        # 发送邮件
        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, settings.EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        # 发送邮件异步，函数见第六章
        # EmailThread(email_title, email_body, settings.EMAIL_FROM, [data["email"]], fail_silently=False, html=None).start()
        if not send_status:
            return False
    return True

六、发送邮件异步配置

import time
import threading
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives

class EmailThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, subject, body, from_email, recipient_list, fail_silently, html):
        self.subject = subject
        self.body = body
        self.recipient_list = recipient_list
        self.from_email = from_email
        self.fail_silently = fail_silently
        self.html = html
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)

    def run(self):
        # time.sleep(10)
        msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(self.subject, self.body, self.from_email, self.recipient_list)
        if self.html:
            msg.attach_alternative(self.html, "text/html")
        msg.send(self.fail_silently)

七、在你的获取验证码的接口中直接调用上面方法即可。例如 发送注册码

# 注册发送邮箱验证码
class SendEmailRegisterCodeView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return redirect('/register')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ret = BaseResponseData()
        try:
            email = request.POST.get("email", None)

            ret.data = {
                'code': "0",'email': email,'error_email': ''
            }

            user_obj = models.MembershipAccount.objects.filter(username=email, is_active=True).first()
            if user_obj:
                ret.data['code'] = "111"
                ret.data['error_email'] = "用户已存在"
                return Response(ret.dict)
            else:
                # 发送邮箱
                res_email = send_code_email(email)
                if res_email:
                    # 注册用户信息，设置登陆状态为False
                    create_last_user = models.MembershipAccount.objects.update_or_create(username=email, is_active=False)
                    if not create_last_user:
                        ret.data['code'] = "111"
                        ret.data['error_email'] = "注册错误，请重试"
                        return Response(ret.dict)
                    return Response(ret.dict)
                else:
                    ret.data['code'] = "111"
                    ret.data['error_email'] = "验证码发送失败, 请稍后重试"
                    return Response(ret.dict)
        except Exception as e:
            print("错误信息 : ", e)
            ret.data['code'] = "111"
            ret.data['error_email'] = "验证错误, 请稍后重试"
        return Response(ret.dict)

七、参考地址