嵌入式Linux driver开发实操(五):embedded linux嵌入式Linux开发

@[TOC](目录)

# 前言:

 embedded linux开发有个好处就是开源的,总的来说涉及五个部分:

1、工具链Toolchain:为目标设备创建代码需要的编译器和其他工具。其他一切都取决于工具链。

2、引导程序Bootloader:它初始化板并加载Linux kernal。

3、内核kernal:这是系统的core核心,管理系统资源和各种硬件接口。

4、根文件系统root filesystem:包含一次性运行的初始化的lib库和program程序。

5、应用embedded application。

其实很多嵌入式系统不带linux的,直接就是单片机或者MCU微控制器,带一个HAL底层抽象库,一个函数直接就可以访问硬件,这样的系统简洁,比如在车用芯片领域,在域控等都是主流,不需要带额外系统,实时响应速度相对还慢。但带os的,也是有要求的,比如CPU架构行不行,当然linux4.9版本已经支持了31个架构architechure,32位和64位都有,ARM, MIPS, x86_64等等,

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xxv Introduction The text is divided into ten chapters and two appendices. Chapter 1, “Introduction,” gives a brief history of embedded Linux and what the benefits of embedded Linux are over other RTOSs. It discusses in detail the features of various open source and commercial embedded Linux distributions available. The chapter concludes by presenting a transition roadmap from a traditional RTOS to embedded Linux. Chapter 2, “Getting Started,” explains the architecture of embedded Linux and compares it with traditional RTOS and microkernel architectures. In brief various Linux kernel subsystems such as the hardware abstraction layer, memory management, scheduler, file system, and so on are given. A small description of the user-space Linux programming model is also given. The second half of the chapter explains the Linux start-up sequence, from bootloaders to kernel start-up and user-space start-up scripts. The last section explains the steps involved in building a GNU cross-platform toolchain. Chapter 3, “Board Support Package,” explains bootloader architecture followed by a discussion on the system memory map, both hardware and software memory maps. The second half of the chapter explains interrupt management, the PCI subsystem, timers, UART, and power management in detail. Chapter 4, “Embedded Storage,” explains the MTD subsystem architecture for accessing flash devices. The second half of the chapter discusses various embedded file systems such as RAMFS, CRAMFS, JFFS2, NFS, and so on. The chapter also discusses various methods for optimizing storage space in an embedded system, both kernel and user-space optimizations. A discussion of various applications designed for embedded Linux such as Busybox is given. Finally some steps for tuning the kernel memory are given. Chapter 5, “Embedded Drivers,” discusses in detail various embedded drivers such as the Serial driver, Ethernet driver, I2C subsystem, and USB gadgets.

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