java的反射学习总结

java的反射

1.what is 反射？

​ 不通过源码本身就能获得类的内部构造，获得对象，可以动态的调用方法的技术

2.能做什么？

• 创建对象

• 获得类的成员

• 调用方法

• 访问属性

• 消除耦合性

  	private static void test1() 
  			throws ClassNotFoundException,InstantiationException,IllegalAccessException{
  		String className = "com.wty.d0907.User";//全限定类名
  		Class klazz = Class.forName(className);
  		User user = (User) klazz.newInstance();
  		System.out.println(user);//这是个真正的对象
  	}
  }
  

  	private static void test2() {
  		BMW bmw = new BMW();//死板固定
  		Car car = new BYD();//灵活，耦合性低(解耦，消耦)
  //		LinkedList list = new LinkedList<>();//耦合性大，只能使用LinkedList，违反依赖倒置原则，原则 依赖是面向接口的，而不是具体的实现类
  		//简单（对象）工厂模式
  		List list = new LinkedList<>();
  		car.run();
  	}
  

  	private static void test3() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
  		Properties properties = new Properties();//继承自Hashtable是一个map集合
  		properties.load(new FileReader("src/com/wty/d0907/car.properties"));
  		System.out.println(properties);
  		Class klazz = Class.forName(properties.getProperty("cartype"));
  		Car car = (Car)klazz.newInstance();
  		car.run();
  	}
  

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3.怎么反射？

​ 3.1 如何获得Class的对象

• 类的static属性 class

• 对象的getClass()方法

• 包装类的TYPE属性，返回的是基本数据类型Class

• Class.forName(“类名”)

  	private static void test4_getClass() {
  		Class class1 = User.class;//类得到
  		Class class2 = new User().getClass();//对象得到的
  		Class class3 = Integer.class;
  		Class class4 = Integer.TYPE;
  	}
  

  3.2反射Class的成员

	private static void test5_getConstructor() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
		String className = "com.wty.d0907.User";
		Class klazz = Class.forName(className);
		Constructor[] constructors = klazz.getConstructors();//得到构造器的数组
//		Constructor[] constructors = klazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(constructors));
//		Constructor constructor = klazz.getConstructor();//无参
		Constructor constructor = klazz.getConstructor();
		System.out.println(constructor);
	}

	private static void test6_newInstance() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
		String className = "com.wty.d0907.User";
		Class klazz = Class.forName(className);
//		User user = (User) klazz.newInstance();
		Constructor constructor = klazz.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class);
		constructor.setAccessible(true);
		User user = (User) constructor.newInstance(1234);
		System.out.println(user);
	}

	private static void test7_getField() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException{
		String className = "com.wty.d0907.User";
		Class klazz = Class.forName(className);
		Field[] declaredFields = klazz.getDeclaredFields();
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(declaredFields));
		Field deckaredField = klazz.getDeclaredField("name");
		User user = (User) klazz.newInstance();
		deckaredField.setAccessible(true);
		deckaredField.set(user, "王阳明");
		System.out.println(user);
	}
	private static void test9_getparent() throws Exception{
		String className = "com.wty.d0907.User";
		Class klazz = Class.forName(className);
		System.out.println(klazz.getName());//com.wty.d0907.User
		System.out.println(klazz.getSimpleName());//User
		System.out.println(klazz.getSuperclass());//class java.lang.Object
		System.out.println(klazz.getInterfaces());//[interface java.io.Serializable, interface java.lang.Cloneable]
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(klazz.getInterfaces()));
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(klazz.getDeclaredClasses()));//[class com.wty.d0907.User$InnerClass]
	}
	
	private static void test8_getMethod() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException{
		String className = "com.wty.d0907.User";
		Class klazz = Class.forName(className);
//		Method[] methods = klazz.getMethods();
//		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(methods));
		Method method = klazz.getMethod("setName",String.class);
//		Method method = klazz.getMethod("notify");
//		System.out.println(method.getDeclaringClass());
		User user = (User) klazz.newInstance();
		method.invoke(user, "朱熹");
		System.out.println(user);
	}