MyBatis原理及使用

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 12:28:02 发布

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分类专栏： MyBatis执行原理及使用文章标签： java

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MyBatis执行SQL语句的两种方式

1. 用 Mapper 接口发送 SQL

 StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
            StudentBean studentBean = new StudentBean();
            studentBean.setStuname("胶州湾");
            studentBean.setStupassword("121212");
            studentBean.setStuage(11);
            studentBean.setStuaddress("青岛");
            studentMapper.insertStudent(studentBean);

通过 SqlSession 的 getMapper 方法来获取一个 Mapper 接口，就可以调用它的方法了。因为 SQL映射文件或者接口注解定义的 SQL 都可以通过“类的全限定名+方法名”查找，所以 MyBatis 会启用对应的 SQL 进行运行，并返回结果。
实例如下：

package com.qing.tets;
import com.qing.bean.StudentBean;
import com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.util.List;
public class TestMain {

    public static void insertStu() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
            StudentBean studentBean = new StudentBean();
            studentBean.setStuname("胶州湾");
            studentBean.setStupassword("121212");
            studentBean.setStuage(11);
            studentBean.setStuaddress("青岛");
            studentMapper.insertStudent(studentBean);
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void updateStu() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
            StudentBean studentBean = new StudentBean();
            studentBean.setStuid(7);
            studentBean.setStuname("蓝天");
            studentBean.setStupassword("121212");
            studentBean.setStuage(1111);
            studentBean.setStuaddress("绿水青山");
            studentMapper.updateStudent(studentBean);
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void deleteStud() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
            boolean flag = studentMapper.deleteStudentId(11);
            if (flag == true) {
                System.out.println("删除成功！！！");
            } else {
                System.out.println("删除失败");
            }
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void selectStudId() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
            StudentBean studentBean = studentMapper.selectStudentId(12);
            System.out.println(studentBean.getStuid() + "\t" + studentBean.getStuname()
                    + "\t" + studentBean.getStupassword() + "\t" + studentBean.getStuage() + "\t" + studentBean.getStuaddress());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void selectStud() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
            List<StudentBean> stulist = studentMapper.selectStudent();
            for (StudentBean stu : stulist) {
                System.out.println(stu.getStuid() + "\t" + stu.getStuname() + "\t" + stu.getStupassword() + "\t" + stu.getStuage() + "\t" + stu.getStuaddress());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //insertStu();
        //updateStu();
        //deleteStud();
        //selectStudId();
        selectStud();
    }
}

2.SqlSession 发送 SQL
通过SqlSession对象的
int insert (“数据访问接口的包名+接口名+方法名” , 数据访问接口的方法的参数);
int update (“数据访问接口的包名+接口名+方法名” , 数据访问接口的方法的参数);
int delete (“数据访问接口的包名+接口名+方法名” , 数据访问接口的方法的参数);
selectOne (“数据访问接口的包名+接口名+方法名” , 数据访问接口的方法的参数);
List selectList (“数据访问接口的包名+接口名+方法名”);

package com.qing.test;
import com.qing.bean.StudentBean;
import com.sun.corba.se.spi.orb.ParserImplBase;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.util.List;
public class TestMain {
    public static void insertStud() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            StudentBean studentBean = new StudentBean();
            studentBean.setStuname("三只松鼠");
            studentBean.setStupassword("9876");
            studentBean.setStuage(11);
            studentBean.setStuaddress("郑州");
            sqlSession.insert("com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper.insertStudent", studentBean);
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void updateStud() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            StudentBean studentBean = new StudentBean();
            studentBean.setStuid(6);
            studentBean.setStuname("三只老虎");
            studentBean.setStupassword("1212");
            studentBean.setStuage(12);
            studentBean.setStuaddress("井冈山");
            sqlSession.update("com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper.updateStudent", studentBean);
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void deleteStud() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            //StudentBean studentBean=new StudentBean();
            sqlSession.delete("com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper.deleteStudent", 2);
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void selectStudId() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            //StudentBean studentBean=new StudentBean();
            StudentBean studentBean = sqlSession.selectOne("com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper.selectStudentId", 6);
            System.out.println(studentBean.getStuname() + "\t" + studentBean.getStuaddress());
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void selectStud() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        try {
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            List<StudentBean> stulist = sqlSession.selectList("com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper.selectStudent");
            for (StudentBean studentBean : stulist) {
                System.out.println(studentBean.getStuname() + "\t" + studentBean.getStuaddress());
            }
            sqlSession.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //insertStud();
        //updateStud();
        //deleteStud();
        //selectStudId();
        selectStud();
    }
}

3.对比以上两种发送 SQL 方式
上面分别展示了 MyBatis 存在的两种发送 SQL 的方式，一种用 SqlSession 直接发送，另外一种通过 SqlSession 获取 Mapper 接口再发送。建议采用 SqlSession 获取 Mapper 的方式，理由如下：
3.1 使用 Mapper 接口编程可以消除 SqlSession 带来的功能性代码，提高可读性，而 SqlSession 发送 SQL，需要一个 SQL id 去匹配 SQL，比较晦涩难懂。
3.2 使用Mapper.selectPersonById(1)方式，IDEA会提示错误和校验，而使用sqlSession.selectOne（“com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper.selectStudentId”,6）语法，只有在运行中才能知道是否会产生错误。
目前使用Mapper接口编程已成为主流，尤其在Spring 中运用MyBatis 时，Mapper 接口的使用就更为简单，所以本教程使用Mapper 接口发送SQL语句并执行的方式。

4. MyBatis 的工作原理
在这里插入图片描述
下面对图中的每步流程进行说明。
1）读取 MyBatis 配置文件：mybatis-config.xml 为 MyBatis 的全局配置文件，配置了 MyBatis 的运行环境等信息，例如数据库连接信息。
2）加载SQL映射文件。映射文件即 SQL 映射文件，该文件中配置了操作数据库的 SQL 语句，需要在 MyBatis 配置文件 mybatis-config.xml 中加载。mybatis-config.xml 文件可以加载多个映射文件，每个文件对应数据库中的一张表。
3）构造会话工厂：通过 MyBatis 的环境等配置信息构建会话工厂 SqlSessionFactory。
4）创建会话对象：由会话工厂创建 SqlSession 对象，该对象中包含了执行 SQL 语句的所有方法。
5）Executor 执行器：MyBatis 底层定义了一个 Executor 接口来操作数据库，它将根据 SqlSession 传递的参数动态地生成需要执行的 SQL 语句，同时负责查询缓存的维护。
6）MappedStatement 对象：在 Executor 接口的执行方法中有一个 MappedStatement 类型的参数，该参数是对映射信息的封装，用于存储要映射的 SQL 语句的 id、参数等信息。
7）输入参数映射：输入参数类型可以是 Map、List 等集合类型，也可以是基本数据类型和 POJO 类型。输入参数映射过程类似于 JDBC 对 preparedStatement 对象设置参数的过程。
8）输出结果映射：输出结果类型可以是 Map、 List 等集合类型，也可以是基本数据类型和 POJO 类型。输出结果映射过程类似于 JDBC 对结果集的解析过程。

注意:Executor 执行器执行SQL语句时，是根据SQL映射文件中对应元素的的id属性值去选择对应的sql语句,由于SQL映射文件中对应元素的的id属性值是数据访问接口的方法名，所以数据访问接口中的方法是不能重载的。
5. MyBatis的核心组件
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder、SqlSessionFactory、SqlSession和SQL Mapper
5.1 SqlSessionFactoryBuilder（构造器）：它会根据MyBati核心配置或者代码来生成 SqlSessionFactory，采用的是分步构建的 Builder 模式。SqlSessionFactoryBuilder通过根据MyBati核心配置(mybatis-config.xml)创建SqlSessionFactory
mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- 引入数据库资源文件 -->
    <properties resource="mydata.properties"></properties>
    <!-- 加载数据库资源 -->
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${mydriver}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${myurl}"></property>
                <property name="username" value="${myusername}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${mypassword}"></property>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <!-- 加载接口映射文件 -->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="StudentMapper.xml"></mapper>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

SqlSessionFactory  sqlSessionFactory=
new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml"));

5.2 SqlSessionFactory（工厂接口）：依靠它来生成 SqlSession，使用的是工厂模式。
SqlSession sqlSession=SqlSessionFactory对象.openSession();
5.3 SqlSession（会话）：一个既可以发送 SQL 执行返回结果，也可以获取 Mapper 的接口。在现有的技术中，一般我们会让其在业务逻辑代码中“消失”，而使用的是 MyBatis 提供的 SQL Mapper 接口编程技术，它能提高代码的可读性和可维护性。
在 MyBatis 中有两个实现类，DefaultSqlSession 和 SqlSessionManager。DefaultSqlSession 是单线程使用的，而 SqlSessionManager 在多线程环境下使用。
获取 Mapper 的接口数据访问接口对象=SqlSession对象.getMapper(数据访问接口的反射对象)；
5.4 SQL Mapper（映射器）:MyBatis 新设计存在的组件，它由一个 Java 接口和 XML 文件（或注解）构成，需要给出对应的 SQL 和映射规则。它负责发送 SQL 去执行，并返回结果。
SQL Mapper（映射器）=数据访问接口+SQL映射文件/注解，负责发送 SQL 去执行，并返回结果。
数据访问接口：

package com.qing.mapper;
import com.qing.bean.StudentBean;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentMapper {
	//添加
    boolean insertStudent(StudentBean studentBean);
	//修改
    boolean updateStudent(StudentBean studentBean);
	//根据id删除
    boolean deleteStudent(int stuid);
	//根据id查询
    StudentBean selectStudentId(int stuid);
	//查询所有
    List<StudentBean> selectStudent();
}

SQL映射文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper">
    <insert id="insertStudent" parameterType="com.qing.bean.StudentBean">
        insert into tb_student values (null,#{stuname},#{stupassword},#{stuage},#{stuaddress});
    </insert>
    <update id="updateStudent" parameterType="com.qing.bean.StudentBean">
        update tb_student set stuname=#{stuname},stupassword=#{stupassword},stuage=#{stuage},
        stuaddress=#{stuaddress} where stuid=#{stuid};
    </update>
    <delete id="deleteStudent" parameterType="int">
        delete from tb_student where stuid=#{stuid};
    </delete>
    <resultMap id="studentMap" type="com.qing.bean.StudentBean">
        <id column="stuid" property="stuid"></id>
        <result column="stuname" property="stuname"></result>
        <result column="stupassword" property="stupassword"></result>
        <result column="stuage" property="stuage"></result>
        <result column="stuaddress" property="stuaddress"></result>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="selectStudentId" parameterType="int" resultMap="studentMap">
        select * from tb_student where stuid=#{stuid};
    </select>
    <select id="selectStudent" parameterType="com.qing.bean.StudentBean" resultMap="studentMap">
        select * from tb_student;
    </select>
</mapper>

6.使用MyBatis使用注解执行SQL
接口：

package com.qing.mapper;
import com.qing.bean.StudentBean;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentMapper {

    @Insert("insert into tb_student values(null,#{stuname},#{stupassword},#{stuage},#{stuaddress});")
    boolean insertStudent(StudentBean studentBean);

    @Update("update tb_student set stuname=#{stuname},stupassword=#{stupassword},stuage=#{stuage},stuaddress=#{stuaddress} where stuid=#{stuid};")
    boolean updateStudent(StudentBean studentBean);

    @Delete("delete from tb_student where stuid=#{stuid};")
    boolean deleteStudentId(int stuid);

    @Select("select * from tb_student where stuid=#{stuid};")
    StudentBean selectStudentId(int stuid);

    @Select("select * from tb_student;")
    List<StudentBean> selectStudent();
}

SQL映射文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qing.mapper.StudentMapper">
    <resultMap id="StudentMap" type="com.qing.bean.StudentBean">
        <id column="stuid" property="stuid"></id>
        <result column="stuname" property="stuname"></result>
        <result column="stupassword" property="stupassword"></result>
        <result column="stuage" property="stuage"></result>
        <result column="stuaddress" property="stuaddress"></result>
    </resultMap>
</mapper>

数据库映射文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- 引入数据库资源文件 -->
    <properties resource="mydata.properties"></properties>
    <!-- 加载数据库资源 -->
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${mydriver}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${myurl}"></property>
                <property name="username" value="${myusername}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${mypassword}"></property>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <!-- 加载接口映射文件 -->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="StudentMapper.xml"></mapper>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

总结：使用注解方式执行SQL语句，依旧需要编写SQL映射文件，只是把增删改查方法写到了接口中的方法上，如果是执行复杂的SQL语句，那么使用注解方式就不太方便，修改SQL语句时需要修改源代码，个人不建议使用注解方法执行SQL。

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MyBatis原理及使用

MyBatis执行SQL语句的两种方式1. 用 Mapper 接口发送 SQL StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); StudentBean studentBean = new StudentBean(); studentBean.setStuname("胶州湾"); studentBean.setStupassword("1
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