计算机科学导论——复习提纲

Ⅰ. Instruction（领会&识记）

• The computational thinking of ABSTRACTION

     The OSI/RM & TCP/IP Modal

     OS Architecture

     Computer Architecture

     Software Architecture

     The transistor “Switch” Modal

Ⅱ. The Information Layer（领会&简单运用）

• Binary System & Arithmetic

          Signed-magnitude representation

          Two’s Complement scheme

          Fractional values [ eg. (3.0625)10 = (?)2

• Information Representation

          Analog & Digital System

          Raster & rector-graphic images

          Test compression ( especially: Huffman Encoding & DeCoding)

Ⅲ. The Hardware Layer（识记&简单运用）

• The “Switch” model for transistors

• Constructing Logic Gates with Transistors

• Combination & Sequential Logic*

• Logic Gates Symbols & Usages

• Von Newman Architecture

• Stored-Program Concept

• Components of a computer system

• Assembler, Linker & Loder

Ⅳ. The Programming Layer（识记&领会&简单运用&综合运用）

• The fetch-execute cycle (with assembly/machine-code examples)

• Software testing & its approaches

• Algorithm & its representative instances -> eg. Sorting &Searching

• Abstract Data Types (Concepts & Examples -> line ones & tree-based)

• Programming Language Paradigms

Ⅴ. The Operating System（识记&领会）

• Roles of OSes

• Multiprogramming

• Process (eg. Process life cycle)

Files (text & binary)

File Systems (eg. Directories, file system hierarchy)

File System Operations

Ⅵ. The Applications Layer（识记&领会）

• Machine Learning Paradigm

eg. Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement, Semi-Supervised

• Conventional Algorithm & Machine Learning*

• Block Chain* (characteristics & concepts)

• Database management systems

eg. Application development, Usage Scenarios

• Spreadsheets (like “excel”) [12.2 in textbook]

Ⅶ. The communication Layer（识记&领会&简单运用）

• OSI/RM & TCP/IP Models

• Circuit & Packet Switching

• LANs, WANs & the Internet

• Information security (eg. The CIA tried)

• Hash functions, secret-key security, Public-key security(eg. Digital Signature) 

Ⅷ. Conclusion（识记&领会）

• Limits of finite-precision representation

• Limits of Software testing (eg. Formal Verification)

• Software Complexity