创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE database-name
删除数据库
drop database dbname
创建新表
create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
增加一个列
Alter table tabname add column col type
注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。
根据已有的表创建新表:
create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)
create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
删除新表
drop table tabname
初始化表table1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
基本的sql语句
选择:select * from table1 where 范围
插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
删除:delete from table1 where 范围
更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’
排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数:select count as totalcount from table1
求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1
外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
between的用法
between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)
两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
四表联查问题:
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段
前10条记录
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围
选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)
随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
随机选择记录
select newid()
列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type='U' // U代表用户
列出表里的所有的列名
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')
按姓氏笔画排序:
Select * From TableName Order By CustomerName Collate Chinese_PRC_Stroke_ci_as //从少到多
记录搜索:
开头到N条记录
Select Top N * From 表
N到结尾记录
Select Top N * From 表 Order by ID Desc
选择从10到15的记录
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_表名 order by id desc
获取当前数据库中的所有用户表
select Name from sysobjects where xtype='u' and status>=0
获取某一个表的所有字段,两种方式的效果相同
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名')
select name from syscolumns where id in (select id from sysobjects where type = 'u' and name = '表名')
查询某一个表的字段和数据类型
select column_name,data_type from information_schema.columns
where table_name = '表名'
添加主键:
Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
删除主键:
Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
创建索引:
create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
删除索引:
drop index idxname
注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。
创建视图:
create view viewname as select statement
删除视图:
drop view viewname