PTA 数据结构与算法题目集（中文） 链式表操作集 (20 分)

本题要求实现链式表的操作集。

函数接口定义：

Position Find( List L, ElementType X );
List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P );
List Delete( List L, Position P );

其中List结构定义如下：

typedef struct LNode *PtrToLNode;
struct LNode {
    ElementType Data;
    PtrToLNode Next;
};
typedef PtrToLNode Position;
typedef PtrToLNode List;

各个操作函数的定义为：

Position Find( List L, ElementType X )：返回线性表中首次出现X的位置。若找不到则返回ERROR；

List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P )：将X插入在位置P指向的结点之前，返回链表的表头。如果参数P指向非法位置，则打印“Wrong Position for Insertion”，返回ERROR；

List Delete( List L, Position P )：将位置P的元素删除并返回链表的表头。若参数P指向非法位置，则打印“Wrong Position for Deletion”并返回ERROR。

裁判测试程序样例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define ERROR NULL
typedef int ElementType;
typedef struct LNode *PtrToLNode;
struct LNode {
    ElementType Data;
    PtrToLNode Next;
};
typedef PtrToLNode Position;
typedef PtrToLNode List;

Position Find( List L, ElementType X );
List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P );
List Delete( List L, Position P );

int main()
{
    List L;
    ElementType X;
    Position P, tmp;
    int N;

    L = NULL;
    scanf("%d", &N);
    while ( N-- ) {
        scanf("%d", &X);
        L = Insert(L, X, L);
        if ( L==ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    }
    scanf("%d", &N);
    while ( N-- ) {
        scanf("%d", &X);
        P = Find(L, X);
        if ( P == ERROR )
            printf("Finding Error: %d is not in.\n", X);
        else {
            L = Delete(L, P);
            printf("%d is found and deleted.\n", X);
            if ( L==ERROR )
                printf("Wrong Answer or Empty List.\n");
        }
    }
    L = Insert(L, X, NULL);
    if ( L==ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    else
        printf("%d is inserted as the last element.\n", X);
    P = (Position)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    tmp = Insert(L, X, P);
    if ( tmp!=ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    tmp = Delete(L, P);
    if ( tmp!=ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    for ( P=L; P; P = P->Next ) printf("%d ", P->Data);
    return 0;
}

/* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */

输入样例：

6
12 2 4 87 10 2
4
2 12 87 5

结尾无空行

输出样例：

2 is found and deleted.
12 is found and deleted.
87 is found and deleted.
Finding Error: 5 is not in.
5 is inserted as the last element.
Wrong Position for Insertion
Wrong Position for Deletion
10 4 2 5 

结尾无空行

完成代码：

Position Find( List L, ElementType X )     //返回线性表中首次出现X的位置。若找不到则返回ERROR；
{
    PtrToLNode p;
    p = L;
    if(p == NULL)
        return ERROR;
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        if(p->Data != X)
            p = p->Next;
        else
            return p;
    }
    return ERROR;
    
}

List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P )  //在P位置之前插入
{
    PtrToLNode k = (List)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));//申请结点空间构造结点
    k->Next = NULL;
    k->Data = X;
    PtrToLNode head = L;//保存head用于返回
    
    if(P == L)          //头结点插入
    {
        k->Next = L;
        return k;
    }
    while(L != NULL)    //在中间插入
    {
        if(L->Next == P)
        {
            k->Next = L->Next;
            L->Next = k;
            return head;
        }
        L = L->Next;
    }
    printf("Wrong Position for Insertion\n");//P指向非法位置，则打印“Wrong Position for Insertion”，返回ERROR；
    return ERROR;    
}

List Delete( List L, Position P )//删除P位置元素
{
    PtrToLNode k = L;
    PtrToLNode head = L;
    if (P == L)                 //删除头结点
    {
        L = L->Next;
        return L;
    }
    while(k != NULL)            //删除中间结点
    {
        if(k->Next == P)
        {
            k->Next = P->Next;
            return head;
        }
        k = k->Next;
    }
    printf("Wrong Position for Deletion\n");                       //若参数P指向非法位置，则打印“Wrong Position for Deletion”并返回ERROR。
    return ERROR;

}