SpringMVC学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-26 22:09:24 发布

请叫我皮皮帆

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-26 22:09:24 发布

阅读量57

点赞数

分类专栏： sping

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49923209/article/details/115497927

版权

sping 专栏收录该内容

5 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

1 springMVC环境搭建

创建maven web工程

选择web项目模板
pom依赖导入:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.itcast</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_day01_01_start</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>springmvc_day01_01_start Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring 相关jar包 -->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.16</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>springmvc_day01_01_start</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

web.xml 配置

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <!-- 所有请求都会经过dispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

启动tomcat

2 Spring MVC的简单程序

配置spring配置文件，完成包扫描和视图解析配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--配置注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kingfan"/>

    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置视图路径的前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <!--配置视图路径的后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

编写一个jsp文件
在WEB-INF 目录下创建 pages目录用来存放success.jsp文件

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: KingFan
  Date: 2021/4/11
  Time: 15:48
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>success</h1>
</body>
</html>

编写controller层
HelloController

package com.kingfan.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * Controller层
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    /**
     * 当配置了视图解析器后，controller返回的字符串会找相应的jsp返回
     *
     * @return String
     */
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String returnHello() {
        return "success"; // 返回success.jsp
    }
}

web.xml配置servlet以及加载spring配置

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <!-- 配置servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <description>aa</description>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 加载spring 配置文件 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--配置tomcat启动就默认加载该servlet-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

将index.jsp编写一个链接跳转至/hello,运行程序即可完成。

3 Spring MVC简单程序的流程图

在这里插入图片描述
详细流程:

4 Spring MVC相关注解介绍

RequestMapping 请求对应关系

作用:
建立请求和URL和请求方法之间的对应关系
作用范围: 类/方法

public @interface RequestMapping {
    String name() default "";

    @AliasFor("path")
    String[] value() default {};

    @AliasFor("value")
    String[] path() default {};

    RequestMethod[] method() default {};

    String[] params() default {};

    String[] headers() default {};

    String[] consumes() default {};

    String[] produces() default {};
}

参数说明:
name:映射器的名称(几乎用不到)
value/path：要映射的Url
method : 映射的请求方式
params：用于指定限制传递参数的条件,必须传的参数key或value必须和配置的保持一致{username}/{username=hehe}
headers ：发送请求的请求头中必须包含的请求头

springMVC 请求参数封装

普通get请求(一一对应)

http://localhost:8080/bean?userName=王帆&password=1234
2.封装Bean

package com.kingfan.domain;

import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

@Data
public class Account implements Serializable {
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private Double money;
    private User user;
    private List<User> users;
    private HashMap<String,User> userHashMap;


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", money=" + money +
                ", user=" + user +
                ", users=" + users +
                ", userHashMap=" + userHashMap +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.kingfan.domain;

import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
public class User implements Serializable {
    private String userName;
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

Controller封装参数:

@RequestMapping(value = "/bean",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String paramsBean(Account account){
        System.out.println(account);
        return "success";
    }

postman请求示例:
在这里插入图片描述

springMVC解决中文参数乱码

原理:利用过滤器将请求参数指定编码格式。
实现步骤: 在web.xml中配置spring的编码过滤器，并指定编码格式为UTF-8

<filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>